29 December 2020

SFTP full form

 What is the full form of SFTP?

Answer:

  • Secure File Transfer Protocol

What does SFTP mean?

SFTP is a part of the SSH protocol for the suite. It provides secure file transfer over SSH and provides access to all shell accounts on the remote SFTP for server use. SFTP will verify the identity of the client once a secured connection with the established information is exchanged. SFTP supports file access systems, file transfer, and file management functionalities without command or data channels. Secure shell file transfer protocol SFTP allows secure file transmission via different communication. 

Explore more information:

  1. Full form of OSI model
  2. Full form of TCP/IP
  3. Full form of SLIP
  4. Full form of HDLC
  5. Full form of SDLC
  6. Full form of NCP
  7. Full form of IETF
  8. Full form of LCP
  9. Full form of UTP
  10. Full form of UDP
  11. Full form of POP
  12. Full form of SMTP
  13. Full form of FTP
  14. Full form of STP
  15. Full form of PPP

Difference between FTP and SFTP

FTP is a protocol that is used to transfer or copy files from one host to another host. ut there may e some problems like different file names ad different file directories while sending ad receiving a file in different hosts or systems. While SMTP is the protocol that provides a secure channel, to transfer or copy the file from one host to another host or system. SFTP establishes the control connection under SSH protocol and it is used in port number 22. FTP is an insecure protocol while SFTP is a secure protocol, which is the primary difference between the two. That means SFTP allows for secure file transfer via a different communication medium. So the main key difference between FTP VS SFTP is that SFTP uses a secure channel to transfer files while FTP doesn't.

Definition of FTP:

FTP is an application layer protocol. FTP is a mechanism provided by TCP/IP for transferring the file from the client to the server or the same from the server to the client.  The issues resolved y FTP are, like two systems between whom the file is being exchanged may use different file conversions or different ways to represent text and data or a different directory structure. To resolve this problem FTP has a list of commands.

Definition of SFTP:

SFTP is a part of the SSH protocol for the suite. It provides secure file transfer over SSH and provides access to all shell accounts on the remote SFTP for server use. SFTP verifies the identity of the client ad once a secured connection is established information is exchanged.

Difference between FTP ad SFTP:

  • FTP stands for file transfer protocol, while SFTP stands for secure file transfer protocol.
  • FTP protocol is a service provided by TCP/IP protocol but the SFTP protocol is a part of the SSH protocol which is remote login information.
  • FTP transfer the password and the data in plain text format whereas, SFTP encrypts the data before sending it to another host.
  • FTP has a direct transfer method whereas SFTP has a tunneling transfer method.
  • FTP does not provide any secure channel to transfer the file between the hosts whereas the SFTP protocol provides secure channels for transferring the files between the hosts on the network.
  • FTP doesn't provide encryption while SFTP provides encryption for sending the data.
  • FTP makes a connection using a control connection on TCP port 21. While the SFTP transfer the file under the secure connection established by SSH protocol between the client and server. SFTP allows incoming collection on port 22.
  • FTP uses two channels to transfer data while SFTP uses one channel to transfer data.
  • FTP uses client-server architecture while SFTP uses SSH architecture.
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28 December 2020

Difference between FTP and TFTP

This page covers the FTP vs TFTP and describes the main key difference between FTP and TFTP. It mentions the difference between FTP and TFTP protocols including commands. both are application protocols available for file transfer between two connected in a typical IP-based network. Both FTP and TFTP are application layer protocols. Both are used to pass files from server to client or client to server. As Compared to TFTP FTP is more complex.

Definition of FTP:

FTP is an application layer protocol. FTP is a mechanism provided by TCP/IP for transferring the file from client to server or the same from server to client.  The issues resolved y FTP are, like two systems between whom the file is being exchanged may use different file conversions or different ways to represent text and data or a different directory structure. To resolve this problem FTP has a list of commands. Both FTP and TFTP are application layer protocols. And Both protocols are used to pass a file from server to client or client to server. Compared to TFTP FTP is more complex. There are several comparisons between FTP and TFTP, yet the key difference between FTP and TFTP are listed below. 

Definition of TFTP:

TFTP is an application layer protocol. When we need to transfer a file from client to server or same from the server to the client without any need for features of FTP, then TFTP is used. TFTP is a software package that is smaller. It can fit into the read-only memory of diskless workstations which can be used during the bootstrapping time.

Difference between FTP and TFTP:

  • FTP means file transfer protocol, while TFTP stands for trivial file transfer protocol.
  • FTP is a software of FTP that is larger than TFTP. While the software of TFTP is smaller than FTP.
  • FTP works on two ports: 20 & 21, while TFTP works on 69 port numbers.
  • FTP are many commands or messages in FTP, while in TFTP are only 5 messages in TFTP.
  • FTP uses TCP as a transport layer protocol, TFTP uses UDP as a transport layer protocol 
  • The complexity of FTP is too much higher than TFTP, while the complexity of TFTP is less than FTP complexity.
  • FTP are many commands or messages in FTP, and TFTP is only 5 messages in TFTP.
  • FTP needs authentication for communications, while TFTP does not need authentication for communications.
  • FTP is generally suited for uploading as well as downloading files by remote users. While TFTP is mainly used for the transmission of configurations to and from network devices.
  • FTP uses the roust control commands, and TFTP uses simple control commands.
  • FTP is specified in RFC(59 documents, While TFTP is specified in the RFC783 document.
  • The file transmission protocol TFTP is less complex than FTP. TFTP is easier to set up and use than FTP since it is simpler.

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TFTP full form

 What is the full form of TFTP?

Answer:

  • Trivial File Transfer Protocol

What does TFTP mean?

TFTP is very simple in design and has limited features as compared to the file transfer protocol. TFTP is used to transfer files either from client to server or from server to client without the need for an FTP feature. TFTP provides authentication and security while transferring files. The software of TFTP is smaller than FTP. TFTP works on 69 port numbers and its service is provided by UDP. Thus, TFTP is easier to set up and easier to use. 

Explore more information:

  1. Full form of OSI model
  2. Full form of TCP/IP
  3. Full form of SLIP
  4. Full form of HDLC
  5. Full form of SDLC
  6. Full form of NCP
  7. Full form of IETF
  8. Full form of LCP
  9. Full form of UTP
  10. Full form of UDP
  11. Full form of POP
  12. Full form of SMTP
  13. Full form of FTP
  14. Full form of STP
  15. Full form of PPP
  16. Full form of SFTP

TCP/IP applications

What is the TCP/IP applications?

  • A dynamic host configuration protocol
  • Domain name system 
  • Hypertext transfer protocol
  • Simple network time protocol
  • Bi-direction serial text communications
  • Internet message access protocol
  • The simple network management protocol
  • Simple mail transfer protocol
  • NetBIOS name service
  • Trivial file transfer protocol
  • Post office protocol
  • Secure sell
  • Fule trasfer protocol
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UDP applications

 What is the application of UDP?

  • UDP used for a simple request-response communication system when the size of data is too much less and hence there is lesser concern about flow ad error control.
  • Media streaming can also be used by UDP.
  • UDP is used for some routing update protocol like RIP, called the routing information protocol.
  • It is also a suitable protocol for multicasting as UDP support packet switching.
  • It is local broadcast mechanisms.
  • Trivial file transfer protocol.
  • normally used for real-time application which can not tolerate uneven delay between a section of a received message.
  • Host configuration protocol that consists of short request ad reply exchanges.
  • It reduces the requirement of computer resources.
  • The transmission of real-time packets, mail-in multimedia applications.
  • UDP provides minimally unreliable, one of the best-effort, and message passing transport to application and upper-layer of the protocol. Compared to other transport protocols.
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27 December 2020

HSPA full form

 What is the full form of HSPA?

Answer:

  • High-Speed Packet Access

What does HSPA mean?

HSPA is a third-generation mobile broadband communications technology. The term HSPA uses two specific protocols called the high-speed downlink packet access and high-speed uplink packet access. HSPA networks offer a maximum of 14.4 megabytes per second of throughput per cell.

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  1. Full form of  LTE
  2. Full form of VoLTE
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  4. Full form of UMTS
  5. Full form of MAHO
  6. Full form of MMDS
  7. Full form of IMEI
  8. Full form of ISDN
  9. Full form of IMSI
  10. Full form of HLR

VOLTE full form

 What is the full form of VoLTE?

Answer:

  • Voice Over Long Term Evolution

What does VoLTE mean?

VoLTE is a standard-based technology that is developed to support voice calls over an LTE network. It delivers high-quality voice communication, video calls, messaging services ad data over a 4G wireless network or 4G LTE network for mobile ad portable devices.

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  1. Full form of  LTE
  2. Full form of HSPA
  3. Full form of PSTN
  4. Full form of UMTS
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  7. Full form of IMEI
  8. Full form of ISDN
  9. Full form of IMSI
  10. Full form of HLR

LTE full form

 What is the full form of LTE?

Answer:

  • Log Term Evolution

What does LTE mean?

LTE is the project name. It is a high-performance air interface for cellular mobile systems. It is the last step toward the 4th generation of radio technologies designed to increases the capacity ad speed of mobile telephone networks. While the former generation of mobile telecommunication networks is collectively known as the 2G or 3G. LTE is marketed as 4G.

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  1. Full form of VoLTE
  2. Full form of HSPA
  3. Full form of HSPA
  4. Full form of PSTN
  5. Full form of UMTS
  6. Full form of MAHO
  7. Full form of MMDS
  8. Full form of IMEI
  9. Full form of ISDN
  10. Full form of IMSI
  11. Full form of HLR

WRIM full form

 What is the full form of WRIM?

Answer:

  • Wound Rotor Induction Motor

What does WRIM mean?

A WRIM has a stator like a squirrel cage induction motor, but a rotor with insulated winding brought out via slip and brushes.

When bo power is applied to the slip rings. Their sole purpose is to allow resistance to be placed in the series with the rotor windings while starting

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  4. Full form of MCC
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23 December 2020

Difference Between Broadband and DSL

Broadband is the term used to refer to a technology which is provided substantially faster connection speed compared to dial-up. While DSL is one of these technologies, which is the most popular technology used in homes. So here this article gives the main key difference between broadband ad DSL to better understand this topic.

What is Broadband?

Broadband is a connection is simply a technology that refers to the transmission of wide bandwidth data over a high-speed internet connection. The connection medium can e coaxial cable, optical fiber. radio or twisted pair. It is just like a superset which refers to aby high-speed internet technology. 

What is a Digital subscriber line(DSL)?

The digital subscriber line is a communications medium that is used to transfer digital signals over standard telephone lines. DSL is just like a sunset of broadband as it is one of these technologies. In DSL  lies are used to transport high bandwidth data. So it is easy for ISP companies to provide internet connection without laying some new lines.

Difference between broadband and DSL:

  • Broadband is the umbrella terminology that is used for high-speed internet access while the DSL is only one of these technologies.
  • There are other broadband technologies that are used aside from DSL.
  • DSL is an advantage compared to other broadband technologies as it can integrate to existing telephone systems.
  • Broadband is a newer concept, DSL is an older concept.
  • Broadband is 2 times faster than 1.5Mbps, DSL speed from 128 Kbps to over 100 Mbps.
  • In broadband technician from concerning the enterprise, In DSL the user can do the installation but to make a fine-tuning technician is required and for this, the enterprise provides the required support to the customers.
  • Broadband is possible for home networking and requires remotes and cable networking, DSL is possible for home networking ad to require only a phone jack.
  • The average monthly fee of broadband depends on the broadband plan broadband but it is higher than DSL, While ib DSL average monthly fee of DSL depends on customers' usage but it is less than broadband. 
  • Broadband is just like a superset which refers to aby high-speed internet technology, DSL  is just like a subset of broadband as it one of these technologies. 
  • Broadband is shared so speed varies depending on the total number of users on the network, while DSL the bandwidth shared so to provide constant speed.

22 December 2020

Difference Between ISDN and PSTN

The main difference that PSTN and ISDN can be seen as two is that PSTN lines are digital. When comparing the two networks, the PSTN lies are used for small companies and ISDN is for bigger compies. So here this article gives the main key difference between ISDN ad PSTN to better understand this topic.

What is PSTN?

PSTN is the global interconnects of circuit-switched telephone networks which consist of the access network. In PSTN the core networks such as telephone lines, fiber optics cables, microwave transmission links, cellular phone networks, communication satellites, and many more undersea telephone cables, all of our interconnected by switching centers. 

What is ISDN?

ISDN is a digital version of the telephone line, it allows transmission of the voice ad data over copper lines offering more features, higher quality ad faster call setup capabilities in comparison to the classic telephone system.

 Difference between ISDN ad PSTN:

  • PSTN stands for public switch telephone network, while ISDN stands for Integrated service digital network.
  • PSTN lines are analog while ISDN. lines are digital.
  • While PSTN. does not allow two simultaneous connections, it is allowed in ISDN. services.
  • When using ISDN one can make faster calls compare to when using the PSTN.
  • When comparing the two networks, the PSTN. lines are used for small companies ad ISDN is used for bigger companies.
  • The ISDN provides 128 kbit/s speed which is really good for the internet. PSTN has a disadvantage in that it does not make the most possible use of broadband.

Difference between OFDM and OFDMA

In OFDM systems, only single user can transmit on all of the sun carrier at any given time. OFDMA is allows multiple user to transmit simultaneously on the different sub carrier per OFDM symbol. So here this article gives the main key difference between OFDM ad OFDMA to better understand this topic.

What is OFDM?

OFDM is a multi-carrier transmission technology. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) is  basically used to obtain a higher data rate in the multipath fading environment of mobile communication. Only single user can transmit on all of the sub carrier at any give time. 

What is OFDMA?

OFDMA is employed in mobile Wi Max system deployed around the world. It also employed in LTE system beings deployed, total sub carrier are permuted and assigned to sub channel. Hence many Sss can occupy the same sub channel but use different sub carrier to transmit the information.

Difference between OFDM and OFDMA:

  • OFDM stand for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, while OFDMA stand for orthogonal frequency  division multiple access.
  • OFDM is a less robust to fading as well as interference, OFDMA is more robust to fading as well as inference compare to OFDM.
  • OFDM is fixed Wi max PHY, OFDMA is mobile Wi max phy.

Full form of OFDMA

 What is the full form of OFDMA?

Answer:

  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

What does OFDMA mean?

OFDMA is the multi user variant of the Orthogonal frequcey division multiplexing(OFDM). It is a digital modulation scheme where multiple access is achieved by assigning subsets of sub carrier to different users, allowing simultaneous data transmission from several user.

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  1. Full form of UMTS
  2. Full form of TDMA
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21 December 2020

Difference Between Atom and Molecule

Atom may or may not exist in the free stat,  but the molecules exist in the free state. So here this article gives the main key difference between atom and molecule to better understand this topic. 

What is atom?

Atom is the smallest unit that matter can ne broken down into without releasing any electricity charged particles. Atoms are also the smallest unit of matter that exhibits the characteristics of an element. As such, the atom is the fundamental building lock for chemistry.

What is a molecule?

A molecule can e as the combinations of two or more atoms which are held together by chemical bonds. A molecules is the smallest portions of a subtract which showcases all the properties of the substance. On breaking down a molecule further, we see properties of the constituents elements. 

Difference between atom and molecule:

  • Most of the atoms do not exist independently however, molecules show independent existence.
  • Atom are highly reactive in nature in comparison to molecules.
  • Atom are single entities  but the subatomic particles are  bonded together  by coulombs force of the attraction existing between positively and negatively charged particles. However, to form a molecule various atoms are combined together through a covalent  bond.
  • Atom is a smallest particle of an element, while molecule is a group of two or more atoms combined together.
  • Atom consists of nucleus and electrons, while in molecule consists of combinations of two or more same or different atoms chemically bound together.
  • Atom cannot be further divided, molecule can further be divided to give individual atoms.
  • Atom can neither  be seen through naked eye nor through magnifying microscope, while Molecule is not visible eye, while can be seen through highly magnifying microscope.
  • Atom may or may not have independent existence, Molecule they are capable of having independent existence.
  • Atom are spherical shape but in actuality, no fixed shape is possessed by atoms. While the shape of molecules can be linear, trigonal, pyramidal etc.
  • Atom are the tiniest particles of matter thus can neither be seen through naked eyes nor through a microscope, Molecules can also be not seen through baked eyes, can ne seen using a magnifying microscope.
  • Obviously as molecules  are the commination of  atoms thus their size will be more than the size of an atom. The diameter of an atom is around 0.2  nm while the size of a water molecule is nearly 0.27 nm.
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16 December 2020

PMSM full form

What is the full form of PMSM?

Answer:

  • Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

What does PMSM mean?


A PMSM is a synchronous moto whose field excitation is provided y the permanent magnet on the rotor. PMSM output a sinusoidal back EMF waveform is more compatible with the field-oriented control algorithm than trapezoidal back EMF output bBLDC motors.

Application of rccb

 What are the Applications of rccb?

  • Low voltage applications
  • Office
  • Industrial layouts
  • Residential home
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15 December 2020

Characteristics of elcb

What are the Characteristics of  ELCB?

  • ELCB is working based o earth leakage current
  • Phase, neutral ad earth wire connected through ELCB


MCB characteristics

What are the Characteristics of MCB:

  • The Rated current is not more than 100 amperes.
  • Thermal/thermal-magnetic operation.
  • normal trip characteristics are not adjustable.
  • The fuse ad MCB even though their nominal current is similar, have very different properties.
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14 December 2020

Applications of SF6 circuit breaker

Application of SF6 circuit breaker:

  • High voltage applications
  • Power distribution ad control.
  • Line protection for power circuits.
  • Capacitor circuits
  • For the protection of transformers.
  • Rectifier circuits.
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11 December 2020

Minimum oil circuit breaker advantages and disadvantages

This the type of oil circuit breaker, which uses less oil. The oil tank is placed on a porcelain insulator for insulating it from on to the ground. It includes an arc chamber that is enclosed within a bakelite paper. This oil circuit breaker includes two portions: the upper portion is porcelain that is enclosed with contact wheres the lower portion is supported through the porcelain. So here this article gives the main key advantages and disadvantages of the Minimum oil circuit breaker (MOCB) to better understand this topic.

 Advantages Minimum oil circuit breaker:

  • It requires a small quality of the oil.
  • There is less risk of fire.
  • It requires small space since the quality of oil required is less ad a small separation of contact is sufficient to quench the arc.
  • Mainteance prolem are reduce.
  • The smaller in size the bulk oil circuit breaker.
Disadvantages of Minimum oil circuit breaker:
  • There is difficulty in removing the gases from the contact space in time.
  • The dielectric strength of the oil deteriorates rapidly due to the high degree of canonizations.
  • Due to the smaller quantity of oil, the degree of carbonization is increased.

10 December 2020

Air blast circuit breaker advantages and disadvantages

In air blast circuit breakers, compressed air at a pressure of around 20-30 kg/cm² is employed as an arc quenching medium. Airblast circuit breakers are suitable for operating voltage of 132kV ad above.  So here this article gives the main key advantages and disadvantages of air blast circuit breaker to better understand this topic.

Advantages of air blast circuit breaker:

  • It is risk-free from fire.
  • It requires less maintenance.
  • Small in size.
  • Arc quenching is much faster.
  • The time duration of the arc is the same for all values of the current.
  • They are suitable for frequent operations.
  • It is used where frequent operation is required just because of lesser arc energy.
  • The basic speed of the circuit breaker is too much higher.
  • Cheapest and free availability of the interrupting medium, chemically stale and inertness of air.
  • The fire hazard is eliminated like in the oil circuit breakers.
  • Facility for high-speed re-closure.
  • Short ad consistent arcing time ad, therefore, less during of contact.

Disadvantages of Air blast circuit breaker:

  • It requires additional maintenance.
  • The air has relatively lower arc extinguishing properties.
  • An air compressor plate has to be installed and maintained.
  • From the air pipe junction side, there may be a chance of the problem of air pressure leakage.
  • There is the chance of a high rate rise of re-striking current and also problem of voltage chopping.
  • It contains a high capacity air compressor.
  • In the air blast circuit, a current chopping problem exists.
  • This air blast circuit breaker produces a high level of noise when air is discharged to the open atmosphere.
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Application of oil circuit breaker

 Application of the oil circuit breakers(OCB):

  • It switchyard oil circuit breaker used.
  • It acts as a good dielectric medium ad quenches the arc.
  • Oil circuit breakers are used in small and medium substations for the protection of distribution lies.
  • The oil is used is a very good insulator and allows smaller clearance between live conductors and earth components.
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8 December 2020

Advantage and disadvantages of SF6 circuit breaker

SF6 gas has high dielectric strength which is the most important quality of the material for use in electrical equipment ad in particular for the breaker it is one of the most desired properties. Moreover, it has a high rate of rising of dielectric strength after arc extinction. So here this article gives the advantages ad disadvantages of the SF6 circuit breaker to better understand this topic.

Advantages of SF6 circuit breaker:

  • SF6 gas has excellent insulating, as well as arc extinguishing, and also many other properties which are the greatest advantages of SF6 circuit breakers.
  • The gas has is inflammable and chemically stable. Their decomposition products are on explosive ad hence there is the risk of fire or explosion.
  • Electric clearance is very much reduced because of the high electric strength of SF6.
  • Its performance is not affected due to variations in atmospheric conditions.
  • These breakers give noiseless operations as well as there is an over-voltage problem because the arc is extinguished at natural current zero.
  • The closed gas enclosure keeps the interior dry. So that there is no moisture problem.
  • There is on reduction in electric strength because Caroon particles are formed during arcing.
  • It requires less maintenance and costly compressed air, systems are required.
  • SF6 performance various duties like clearing short line faults, switching, maintaining as well as opening unloaded transmission lines and transformer reactor, etc. without any problems.
  • Due to the superior is quenching property of SF6, such breakers have a very short arcing time.
  • There are no carbon deposits.
  • Low maintenance cost, light foundation requirement ad minimum auxiliary equipment.
  • SF6 breakers are totally enclosed and sealed from the atmosphere, they are particularly suitable where explosion.

Disadvantages of SF6 circuit breakers:

  • The entrance of moisture level in the SF6 breaker tank is very harmful to the breaker, and it causes several parts failures.
  • SF6 breakers are costly due to the reason for the high cost of SF6.
  • The internal parts need cleaning during periodic maintenance under a clean and dry environment.
  • A special facility requires transportation and the maintenance of the quality of gas.
  • SF6 gas is suffocating to some extent. In the case of leakage in the breakers takes the SF6 gas being heavier than the air and hence SF6 is settled in the surroundings and leads to the suffocation of the operating personnel.
  • SF6 gas has to be reconditioned after each and every operation of the breakers, some additional equipment is required for this purpose.

7 December 2020

Application of vacuum circuit breaker

 Application of  vacuum circuit breaker (VCB):

  • The vacuum circuit breaker is very useful as very high-speed making switches in many industrial applications.
  • When the voltage is high and the current to be interrupted is low these breakers have definite superiority over the other breakers.
  • For low fault interrupting capacities, this circuit breaker cost is low in comparison to other interrupting devices.
  • because of the least requirement of maintenance, these breakers are very suitable for the system which require voltage from 11 to 33 kV.
  • The vacuum switches can be employed for capacitor switching for materials which is a very difficult task for oil circuit breakers.
  • These can be used along with static overcurrent relay and give an overall clearance time of less than 40ms on phase to phase faults.
  • These are many applications where a simple load reak switch is not enough ad at the same time the devices employed should not be costly. These applications give fast RRRV ad vacuum circuit breakers are the best solutions.
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