Showing posts with label Question-Answer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Question-Answer. Show all posts

Advantages of three phase converter over single phase converter

The main advantages of the three-phase converter over a single-phase converter are given below:

  • In this converter more power per kilogram of metal from a three-phase machine.
  • Three-phase motors have better power factor regulations.
  • The size of the three-phase factor motor is smaller than the single-phase converter.
  • Power delivered for this system to a three-phase load is constant in all the time, instead of pulsing as is does in a single-phase system.
  • A three-phase generator is the smaller size that single phase generators as the wind phase can be more effectively used.
  • Three-phase power distribution requires a lesser of copper or aluminum for transferring the same amount of power as compared to single-phase power.
  • The ripple factor of rectified the produced from three-phase power is too much less than to the DC produced from a single-phase supply.
  • Three-phase motor is self-starting as it can produce a rotating magnetic field. The single-phase motor requires a special winding as it produces only a pulsating magnetic field.
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What are the advantages of three phase rectifier over a single phase rectifier?

Advantages of three-phase rectifier over a single-phase rectifier:
  • The transformer utilization factor is high.
  • More efficient than a single-phase system.
  • The power output and therefore rectification efficiency are quite high.
  • Ripple factor is too much lower and therefore they high-cost filtering is not required to give steady DC output.
  • The output current in the load contains very little Ac component as compared to a single-phase rectifier.
  • Lower amplitude ripple. so the output voltage is smoother.
  • Size is small compared to the single-phase system.
  • High output voltage for given input voltage.

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What are the advantages of a cycloconverter over an inverter

Here the main advantages of cyclo-converter over the inverter are given below:
  • Efficiency is very high compared to other converters.
  • While using the four-quadrant operation is possible because cyclo-converter is capable of power transfer in both directions.
  • When the AC power at one frequency is directly converted to a lower frequency in a using a single conversion.
  • If one of the SCR is failed, the cyclo-converter operates with some distorted output.
  • In this type of converter, power transfer is possible from supply load and vice versa at any power factor.
  • The dynamic response is good 
  • Smooth low-speed operation
  • The cyclo converter operates online communication, therefore, extra fore commutation components are not required.
  • If when one of the silica control rectifiers (SCR) fails the cyclo converter operates with distorted output.
  • The power transfer in the cyclo converter is possible from supply to load and vice versa at any of the use power factor.
  • The cyclo converter generates a very high-quality sinusoidal waveform for low output frequency while in the static inverter generates a square waveform for low output frequency.
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What are the advantages of digital multimeter over analog multimeter

Here that main advantages of digital multimeter over analog multimeter:
  • A digital multimeter provides better accurate results.
  • They reduce reading and interpolation errors.
  • Portable size makes it easy to carry anywhere.
  • They have very high input impedance.
  • This meter can cause less meter loading effects on the circuits being tested.
  • The input impedance or resistance of DMM is quite high. Hence it does not the measurement much. Hence some precise measurement can be achieved.
  • This meter can cause less meter loading effects on the circuit being tested.
  • Nowadays some advanced digital multimeter has microprocessors and can store the reading for further processing.
  • They are very simple to use unlike the analog multimeter as results are displayed in numeric value directly users need not have to read manually from the scale.
  • Digital multimeter displays no moving parts. So this makes them free from wear and also a shock failure.
  • Unlike analog millimeters, zero adjustments are not required.
  • The reading speed is increased as it is easier to read.
  • All the advanced measurements such as frequency, impedance, transistor, the capacitance can be performed by DMM, unlike analog meter counterparts.
  • The digital output is suitable for further processing or recording and can be useful in a rapidly increasing range of computer-controlled applications.
  • The meter has protection against undesired input range. Hence the meter can be protected from overload or some of the fault or misuse.
  • The auto polarity function can prevent problems from connecting the meter to a test circuit with some wrong polarity.
  • Overall accuracy is increased due to digital readout. When you have used, you can make a mistake in reading the scale in analog multimeter, but digital multimeter has an LCD display to show accurate reading.
  • With the advent of an integrated circuit the size, cost and power requirement of digital multimeter have been drastically reduced.
  • Parallax errors are eliminated. If the pointer of an analog multimeter is viewed from a different angle you will see some of the different values. This is called the parallax error, which is solved digital multimeter to solve this problem.
Considering some above points mentioned above in the advantages of DMM compared to analog, I personally would prefer the digital multimeter for its high accuracy and more sleek nature. I hope this article proves to be informative if you are going to buy a multimeter. 

Precautions of multimeter

Some precautions of multimeter:

  • When you have to use multimeter first check proper DC polarity when measuring DC.
  • You have to always start with the highest voltage or current range.
  • De-energize and discharge the circuit completely prior to connecting or disconnecting to a device called a multimeter.
  • Be sure that the multimeter is switched during the to AC prior to trying to measure AC circuits.
  • Choose the final range that enables a reading close to the middle of the scale.
  • Set the ideal current range before measuring higher current or some else it will blow the digital multimeter fuse. 
  • A resistor should be measured standalone or the connected parts in the circuit may affect to some of the reading.
  • Never apply power to the circuit when you have to measure resistance with a multimeter.
  • Be sure to read AC measurements on the AC voltage position.
  • In case you want to verify the presence of dangerous voltage in a circuit with a digital multimeter, it is crucial to verify both the  AC as well as DC voltage.
  • Make sure that change the 0 ohms reading after changing resistance ranges before creating a resistance measurement.

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Applications of multimeter

We all know that a multimeter is extremely too important for electronics and electrical instruments and is extensively used for carrying out various tests and to measurements in electronics as well as electrical circuits. 

There are two types of multimeter basically analog multimeter and digital multimeter. they are many advantages of the analog multimeter as well as digital multimeters advantages. The applications are measuring accurately circuit and component parameters. They are different type of multimeter is used for the test, to adjust and troubleshoot electronic circuits, traditionally multimeter of either type measure three main parameters.

1. Current both AC and DC
2. Voltage both AC and DC
3. Resistance

The main Applications of multimeter are listed below:

  • Voltage measurement: High and low value DC measurement and peak to peak and DC average measurement.
  • It will use for temperature and environmental applications: Low-cost weather station, DMM internal temperature.
  • Resistance measurement: Micro ohm meter, measuring with constant voltage and measuring resistance with constant current
  • Time and frequency measurement: Fast frequency, and time measurement
  • Current measurement: DC current measurement, true RMS AC current

Floppy disk benefits in computer

The main advantages of the floppy disk are that it is a removable device and also can be used to distribute the software on the computer and to transfer data from one computer to another or to back up the files from the hard disk. But compared to a hard disk over the floppy disk, the floppy disk is too much slower, offer a relatively small amount of storage and it can be easily damaged. Here this article gives some benefits of a floppy disk in the computer so that this post makes useful whenever you need the floppy disk in use of a computer.

Benefits in computer:


  • Basically, the floppy disk is small and lightweight.
  • Floopy disk can be used at any time.
  • It is so cheap.
  • In the computer, all kinds of data, private or public can be stored on the floppy disk.
  • Floppy disk is useful in transferring files between computers.
  • It can store private data more securely so that other users on a network cannot access it.
  • They have to write protection which protects your data from accidental deletion.
  • If you are still using one of the old computers then the floppy disk is your best option in terms of storage devices. Most of the modern storage devices are not compatible with old computers.
  • Floppy disk is that they are often compatible with older computers that may not accept other data storage devices.
  • Floopy disk drives are often set above the main hard drives in the boot order sequence. The boot sequence is the order in which the computer attempts to boot to an operating system. 

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How do hard disk and floppy disk differ?

In the floppy disk, the data is recorded in the form of magnetic dots on spots on tracks while in hard disk the data is stored as magnetic spots on tracks that concentric circles on the surface of disks but both of having the same technology. There are have some similarities like that both use magnetism to store and read the data. They also have both use a spinning platter read by a horizontally moving read head. Here this post gives information about how do hard disk and floppy disk differ?

Some key points to differentiate between them.

  • First most important that hard disk is faster while floppies are very slow in comparison to the hard disk.
  • The hard disk is huge in capacity but in floppy disk have very low capacity.
  • Storage disk in hard is made of metal material while in the floppy disk are made of plastic.
  • The life span of the hard disk is very long in comparison to floppies.
  • Hard disks are sealed units. They can survive dust or moisture while floppies can not.
  • A hard disk can have multiple platters inside it while floppies can have one only.
  • All the parts of the hard disk are enclosed in a single unit. Just plug and play. Floppies need the drive to run them. You can call it a floppy disk drive or reader too.
  • A hard disk can have multiple platters inside it while floppies can have one only.
  • All the parts of a hard disk are enclosed in a single unit. Just plug and play. Floppies need the drive to run them. You can call it a floppy disk drive or reader too.
  • You will not find floppies anywhere nowadays. They are obsolete. Hard disks are in use and survived the times bravely and gracefully. Still holding the front.

Give two limitations of hard disk over floppy disk

Here there some limitations of the hard disk over floppy disk:

  • Data become less secure if left on the hard disk.
  • The hard disk is not a portable expect removable hard disk, which is usually more expensive.
  • The hard disk drive cost much higher than floppy disk drives.
  • In a hard disk, Head crash may occur due to extreme shock or contaminants 
  • The floppy disk is transportable while the hard disk is not transportable.
  • Hard disks are sealed units. They are tens to noise than a floppy disk drive, They can survive dust and moisture. Floppies can not. 
  • Floppy can have only one plater inside it while in the hard disk can have multiple platters.
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Types of floppy disk

A floppy disk is basically a computer component that has designed to read as well as write to the floppy disk that was used for removable storage. The most popular type of floppy disk drive is the 3 and 1/2 inch drive which nowadays limited use for today. The first floppy disk that came in the market were in 8 inches in diameter. This disk was protected by a flexible plastic jacket. An 8-inch disk back in the late 1970s could store data in 1 MB. In 1980 the 3.5-inch floppy or called micro floppy came on the market and this type became the dominant storage medium for personal computers for many years. 

Floppy disk was quite vulnerable. This disk is medium was very sensitive to dust, heat, and moisture. As we know that the flexible plastic carrier was also not very sturdy. The hard plastic case of the 3.5-inch floppy disk was presented a substantial improvement in this respect. The most common format of this floppy became the double-sided and high density 1.44 MB disk drive.

Nowadays floppy disk drive has been replaced by other types of such that DVD drives, CD drives as well as USB flash drives. They are many different types of floppy disk drives that have come and gone over the years.


Conclusions:

According to the size, the floppy disk is generally called into two:

  • 3.5-inch diskette
  • 5.25-inch diskette
  • A normal 3 and 1/2-inch disk can store 1.44 megabytes of data.
  • Zip data - The part of  Zip drives were introduced by the Iomega corporation in the mid-year of -the 1990s. A zip disk was capable of storing 100 megabytes, 250 megabytes, 250 megabytes and even 750 megabytes on a single disk. Zip drives were mainly available as a peripheral that could be added to an existing system.
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What is analog signal processing

Analog signal processing process the signal which is not digitized. It is a defined signal having continuous value.

Common analog processing elements include capacitors, resistors, inductors, and transistors. Analog values are typically represented as a voltage, electric charge around the component in the electronic device. It includes classical radio, radar, TV, telephone, etc. 

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What is digital signal

The signal is a physical quantity, which contains some information. The signal is an electrical current or electromagnetic field used to carry data from one place to another. 

The signal can be two types :


 1. Analog signal
  2.Digital signal

What is a digital signal?  


 A digital signal is a signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values at any given time and it can take only one of a finite number of values. 

 Digital signals can be sent for long-distance and suffer less interference than an analog signal. 

Digital signals are easily represented by a computer because It described as using binary (  0s and 1s) and therefore, cannot take on any fractional values. Each sample can be with a series of bits that are either in the state of on (1) or off (0).

What is digital signal processing

Before we learn about digital signal processing first let is check it out what is form of DSP. In a digital communication system, the word 'Signal' is very commonly used. Therefore we must know its exact meaning.

Signal system must be describe as a function of one or more independent variables.

What is digital signal processing?


Digital signal processing is the process of analyzing and modifying a signal to optimize or improve its efficiency or performance. It involves applying various mathematical and computational algorithms to analog and digital signal to produce a signal that is of higher quality than the original signal.

 Digital signal processing take real-world signal like audio, video, pressure, voice that have been digitized and then mathematically manipulate them. Mathematical processing algorithm can be easily implement using DSP. 

Using digital signal processing; much better accuracy is obtained to refers various techniques. 

In processing digital signal converting analog transmission into digital signal. i.e. The audio signal are processed in real time. This conversion method uses digital conversion software to receive and process the signal. So the output results in a number of different sound effect. This type of processing is present a number of audio devices such a mp3 players, radio sound system. Compare to analog signal digital signal are more versatile, more accurate.

Now a days, digital signal processing used in various application like image processing, Scanners, robotics, military, speech recognition, power line monitors, voice command, television, and music system etc.

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What is Contrast ratio

The ratio of brightest white to the darkest black on TV or computer monitor. it is used to measure a difference between the brightest white and the darkest black. The contrast ratio will be measured as y:z, where 'y' is the brightest white, and 'z' is the darkest black. the contrast ratio for LCD and computer monitor is 200:1, a number higher than this, such as 600:1, has a brighter display.

What is Resolution

The picture quality improves with greater details. The quality of detail is called resolution. It depends on the number of pixels that can be reproduced. If there are a number of pixels then obviously the picture will be having good resolution. For example, you must have seen the TV advertisement where the brands boast of showing the details of newsreaders eyelashes. This is possible when a TV has a very good resolution so that the picture shows clear details.

What is analog signal

Signal :


The signal is a physical quantity, which contains some information and which is a function of one or more independent variables.

 The signal can be two types :

 1. Analog signal
 2.Digital signal


What is an Analoge signal?


An analogue single defined as any continuous signal for which the time-varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time-varying quantity. 

They can have an infinite number of different values. The Analog signal is classified simple and composite signal. 

 An analogue signal is described using amplitude, a period of frequency, and phase. Amplitude mark height of the signal, frequency marks the rate at which the signal is changing and phase marks the position of the wave with respect to time zero.

Let us now discuss some example of the analogue signal.
  1. Temperature
  2. Power
  3. Voltage
  4. Brightness
  5. Sound
  6. Distance
  7. Current
Most of the thing observed in nature are analogue.

What is Satellite

A satellite is any object that moves in a curved path around a planet which has been intentionally placed into orbit. 

Sometimes a satellite orbit looks like an ellipse, a squashed circle that moves around two points known as foci.

The first artificial satellite, launched by Russia in late 1950 was about the size of a basketball. In this satellite, nothing but transmit a simple Morse code signal over and over.

What is Infrared signal

Infrared is a wireless mobile technology used for device communication over short ranges. Infrared is a means of using light to transmit a signal over distance, so LED is used to transmit the IR signal, which passes through a lens and focuses on a beam of IR data.

There are many inexpensive IR systems designed for use TVs, and many theaters use IR to broadcast to the IR equipped headsets that they will loan to patrons who want to hear the movie better.

What is Radio Frequency

Radiofrequency :


Radiofrequency (RF) refers to the rate of oscillation of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum or electromagnetic radio waves. From the frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz, as well as the alternating currents carrying the radio signals. With the use of that communication transmission and broadcasting. 

Radiofrequency is measured in Hertz which represent the number of radio cycle per second when a radio wave is transmitted. Radiofrequency is not visible to the human eye.

What is full duplex communication

A full-duplex system is a communication system that allows simultaneous two-way communication between a subscriber and a base station means data can be transmitted in both directions on a single carrier at the same time. 

For example Telephone, people at both ends of a call can speak and be heard by each other at the same time because there is two communication path between them. 

 Using full-duplex communication can greatly increase the efficiency of communication. 

 Full duplex communication is also known as Double duplex or Dual communication. 

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  1. What is a half-duplex communication 
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