Bluetooth range

There are three types of classes in different Bluetooth specification.

Class 1 - Range of fewer than 10 meters

Class 2 - Range of 10 meters (33 feet)

Class 3 - Range of 100 meters (328 feet)

Facts :

• The range depends on atmospheric, geographic, urban conditions.
• The range not only depends on the transmitter but also on the mobile phone which is receiving files.
• The bigger the range, the slower transmission speed.
• Here above Bluetooth range described above. There are three types of classes. class 1 devices transmit at 1 mW with the range of fewer than 10 meters. Class 2 devices transmit at 2.5 mW with a range of 10 meters or 33 feet. Class 3 devices transmit at 100 mW with the range of 100 meters or 328 feet.

Features of Bluetooth

Bluetooth technology is an open standard that provides an ad-hoc way for connecting devices in the 10 m range. Bluetooth in the 2.4 GHz band and uses a frequency hopping TDD method for each radio channel. Now let us check it out features of Bluetooth to know more details about Bluetooth. 

• Better IOT
• Quick data transfer
• Better audio quality
• Easy transport 
• Greater flexibility
• Available everywhere
• Up to eight devices can be a network in the piconet
• The device does not need to be a point at each other, as a signal is OMNI directional 
• Increases numbers of advertising packets
• Provide location-based services
• Government  worldwide regular it, so it is possible to utilize the same standards wherever one travel
• Sending the information between the two devices which are close to each other

Bluetooth architecture

Bluetooth architecture defines two types of structure :

1. Piconet
2. Scatternet

1. Piconet 

• Eight devices are connected in a Bluetooth network called as a piconet, so the piconet has up to eight active nodes 
• One of them acts as a master and others act as slaves.
• In piconet communication between the primary and secondary can be one to one or one to many forms. 
• All communication is done between master and slave. slave-slave or master-master communication is not possible

2. Scatternet

• A scatternet is formed when two more piconets connect through a bridge node. 
• It is combining various piconet.
• In scattered addition to be seven active slaves, there can be up to 255 parked nodes in the net that can only respond to a beacon signal from the master.
• The slaves are also dumb devices that do the task that the master tells them to do.
• Mater controlling the clock and it is determining in which slave gets to communicate in which time slot.
• All the communication is between the master and slave and but not between the slaves.

Bluetooth architecture

Bluetooth frame structure

Access code: It identifies the master so that slaves within the radio range of two masters can tell which is traffic for them. It is a 72-bit field, that contains synchronization bits.

Header: The 54-bit header contains an 18-bit header that is repeated 3 times for a total of 54 bits. It allows the receiver to remind all three copies of each beat and reject the ones that do not have a majority.

Address field: The address field in the header identifies which of the eight devices the frame is intended for.

Types field: Types field identifies whether it is an ACL, SCO, pull or null frame types, the types of error correction used in the data field and how many slots long the frame is

Flow bit: It is used for primitive types of flow control and is asserted by the slave when its buffer is full and cannot receive any more data.

ACK bit: ACK bit is used to piggyback an acknowledgment onto a frame

Sequence bit: It is used to number the frame to detect re-transmission in a stop and wait for a protocol. It is followed by an 8-bit checksum.

Bluetooth frame structure

Application of Bluetooth

Bluetooth system is an open standard that provides an ad-hoc way for connecting devices in the 10 m range. Bluetooth in the 2.4 GHz band and uses a frequency hopping TDD method for each radio channel. Let us now check it out the application of Bluetooth to know more details about Bluetooth. 

• Medical requirement
• Vending machines
• Office requirement, faxes, PCs, laptops, handset, pager, etc
• Bluetooth car kit
• Vending machines
  DVD player cameras refrigerators
• In the parking and vehicle communication system
• Microwave ovens
• Electronic payment system
• Banking and other electronic systems
• Headsets and pagers
• Office and conference rooms with wireless devices