GSM technology

In this article, you can learn the full analysis of GSM technology and all useful information about GSM. Now first of all one question arise before you can check detailed information about GSM is what is GSM full form?

Definition of GSM :

Global system for mobile is a world first cellular system to specify digital modulation. It is a second generation system (2G) developed in Europe.

GSM was developed to solve the fragmentation problems of the first generation networks.

The global system for mobile communication is a feature-rich digital wireless technology. It provides subscribers with a high quality digital wireless phone service and clarity and enhanced call security and privacy.

GPRS uses GSM architecture for voice. In order to offer packet data services through GPRS, a new class of network node needs to be introduced as an upgrade to the existing GSM network.

Each GSM user transmits data burst during a time slot that is assigned to it. The transmission of bursts occurs in a particular format called GSM frame.

GSM technology is old technology nowadays many new technologies had been launched but GSM has many impacting features on the newest technology. Let we check feature one by one below :

Features of GSM technology :

• GSM supports more subscriber capacity in the given spectrum.
• It supports smaller handsets.
• Rapid call setup.
• It supports call forwarding, calls on hold, conference facility.
• It has the ability to use the same phone in different networks.
• It allows data transmission and reception across GSM networks at 9600 bps.
• The encrypted conversions cannot be tapped.
• It supports calling number identification presentation.
• The short message service allows the GSM subscriber to transmit and receive a character text message.
• It supports fully international roaming capability.
• It has compatibility with ISDN for supplementary services.
• SIM phonebook management. 
• Supports fixed dialing number ( FDN ).
• Real-time clock with alarm management. 

GSM has many impacting features on the newest technology so there are many advantages of GSM technology. We can check some main advantages here. 

• Internal roaming is not a big problem.
• High transmission quality.
• Worldwide connectivity.
• High data transfer speed.
• GSM receiver is widely available in mobile phone and GSM model.

GSM network :

GSM operates at a different frequency. A frequency band of GSM is either the 900 MHz or much high-frequency band 1800 MHz. 

UMTS R4 techniques are preferred mobile operator, especially those with GSM legacy network. UMTS R4 techniques to evolve their existing 2G GSM network. It provides a smooth path to bridge legacy TDM based network to an IP based soft switch network.

The proposed evolution path In UMTS R4 suggests three layers of structure solution to seamless coverage UMTS R4 core network with a GSM core network. So can achieve the all IP version and its capable of coverage with EPC and IMS.

GSM networks types :

• T-Mobile
• AT&T
• Indigo wireless 
• Pine cellular
• TerreStar

This network is maintained by different types of GSM channels.

There are two main types of GSM channel :

• Traffic channel 
• Control channel 

GSM frequency band listed below :

1.  GSM 850 :

• Channel - 128-251
• Up-link frequency - 824-849 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 869-894 MHz

2. GSM 1800 :

• Channel - 512-885
• Up-link frequency - 1710-1785 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 1805-1880 MHz

3. GSM 1900 :

• Channel - 512-810
• Up-link frequency - 1850-1910 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 1930-1990 MHz

4. GSM 450/480 :

• Up-link frequency - 450-458 MHz, 479-486 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 460-468 MHz, 489-496 MHz

Application of GSM technology :

• Home automation.
• Mobile telephony.
• Automatic meter reading.
• Toll collection.
• A user can control in case of forgetting to do so while leaving for some other place.
• Value added services.
• Fleet management.
• Energy conversion.
• Personal communication using GSM.
• Irrigation system.
• It will also help to control while attending the other work.
• It is used to improve the security of our home and office.
• Office automation.
• Remote sensing and monitoring of electrical fault in a pump or motor.

Some application while combining with GSM techniques including  W-CDMA, LTE, EDGE :

• Measuring multi-standard radio base station.
• Including EDGE evolution with GSM to change in radio interface.
• Machine to machine communication is about integrated real-time data from remote assets with a business process to gain more business advantages.

Explore more information:

1. What is TCH
2. What is BCCH
3. What is SCH
4. What is FCCH
5. What is CCCH
6. What is AGCH
7. What is RACH
8. What is DCCH
9. What is SACCH
10. What is SDCCH
11. What is FACCH

GSM repeater

We all know that each GSM full form user transmits data burst during a time slot that is assigned to it. The transmission of bursts occurs in a particular format called as in frame as GSM frame.

1. GSM repeater 900 MHz(voice) - 200m2

• Suitable for all European 900 MHz providers
• Low energy consumption
• Easy to install
• Indoor coverage up to maximum 200 m2
• The compact repeater for use at home and offices
• Supplied with antennas, coaxial cable, and accessories
• Free of interference
• Art-Nr. RF E10C

2. GSM repeater 900 MHz(voice) - 300m2

• Suitable for all European 900 MHz providers
• Low energy consumption 
• Easy to install
• Indoor coverage up to maximum 300 m2
• The compact repeater for use at home and office
• Supplied with antennas, coaxial cable, and accessories
• Free of interference
• Art-Nr. RF10l - EGSM

3.  GSM band repeater 900+1800 MHz(voice form) - 700m2

• Suitable for all European 900+1800 MHz providers
• Low energy consumption 
• Easy to install
• Indoor coverage up to maximum 700 m2
• The compact repeater for use at home and office
• Supplied with antennas, coaxial cable, and accessories
• Free of interference
• Art-Nr. RF ED13-L

4. GSM TRI band repeater 900+1800+800 MHz(voice form) - 2000m2

• Suitable for all European 900+1800+800 MHz providers
• Low energy consumption 
• Indoor coverage up to maximum 2000 m2
• Compact repeater for use at home and office
• Easy to install
• Supplied with antennas, coaxial cable and accessories
• Free of interference
• Art-Nr. RF LED20-L

5.  Band GSM repeater all network (3G/4G/LTE internet form) - 2000m2

• Suitable for all European network
• Low energy consumption 
• Easy to install
• Indoor coverage up to maximum 2000 m2
• Compact repeater for use at home and office
• Supplied with antennas, coaxial cable and accessories
• Free of interference
• Art-Nr. RF 20-5B

GSM frequency

GSM frequency band listed below :

1.  GSM 850

• Channel - 128-251
• Up-link frequency - 824-849 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 869-894 MHz

2. GSM 1800

• Channel - 512-885
• Up-link frequency - 1710-1785 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 1805-1880 MHz

3 GSM 1900

• Channel - 512-810
• Up-link frequency - 1850-1910 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 1930-1990 MHz

4. GSM 450/480

• Up-link frequency - 450-458 MHz, 479-486 MHz
• Down-link frequency - 460-468 MHz, 489-496 MHz

GSM network version

GSM stands for Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a second generation digital mobile technology system, GSM Provides for the best mobile coverage within countries and across them all over the world.

GSM system used mobile delivered a data speed of 9.6 kb/s. The upgrade pushed up data speed around 48 kb/s.

GSM uses a variation of wireless technology used like time division multiplier access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA).

GSM operates at either the 900 MHz or much high-frequency band 1800 MHz.

UMTS R4 techniques are preferred as a mobile operator, especially for those with GSM legacy network. This techniques to evolve their existing 2G GSM network. It provides a smooth path to bridge legacy TDM based network to an IP based soft switch network.

The proposed evolution path in UMTS R4 suggests three layers structure solution to seamless coverage UMTS R4 core network with a GSM core network. So can achieve the all IP version and its capable of coverage with EPC and also an IMS.

GSM networks :

• T-Mobile
• AT&T
• Indigo wireless 
• Pine cellular
• TerreStar

GSM definition

GSM stands for Global system for mobile is a world first cellular system to specify as especially digital modulation. It is a second generation system (2G) developed in Europe.

GSM was developed to solve the fragmentation problems of the first generation networks and a developed new technology called 2G network.

GSM is a feature of rich digital wireless technology. It provides subscribers with a high quality digital wireless phone service and clarity also enhanced call security and privacy.

Advantages and disadvantages of GSM

GSM is a cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services developed by European Telecommunications standards Institutes to describe the protocols for second generation digital cellular networks. 

GSM provides standard features like cell phone encryption, data networking, caller ID, call forwarding, call waiting, SMS and conferencing and it can be used in an application like home automation, mobile technology, toll collection, energy conversion etc. GSM has both advantages and disadvantages of which consumers should be aware of. 

Advantages of GSM :

• More suitable network with robust features.
• No roaming charges on International calls. 
• Worldwide connectivity and extensive coverage. 
• SAIC and DAIC techniques used in GSM provide very high transmission quality. 
• The phone works based on the SIM card so that it is easy to change the different varieties of phones by users. 
• GSM signals don't have any deterioration. 
• Easy to integrate GSM with other wireless technology such as CDMA and LTE.
• It has the ability to use repeaters. 
• Because of the pulse nature of transmission talk time is generally high.

Disadvantages of GSM :

• Bandwidth lag because of multiple users shares the same bandwidth so the transmission can encounter interface. 
• It can interfere with certain electronics, such as hearing aids that are due to pulse transmission technology. As a result, many locations, such as hospitals, airports and petrol pumps require cell phones to be turned off. 
• To increase coverage repeaters are required to be installed. 
• It provided limited data rate capability so for high data rate advanced version of GSM devices are used. 
• Many of GSM technology is patented by Qualcomm thus license needs to be obtained from them. 
• Manufacturers are not releasing IS-95 devices due to the lack of a big market so IS-95 is normally installed in the small tower. 
• GSM has fixed maximum call sites range up to 35 km that is very limited. 
• There is no end-to-end encryption of user data. 
• Several incompatibilities within the GSM standards. 
• Electromagnetic radiation is more with the use of GSM.
• Macrocells affected by the multipath signal loss.

Explore more information:

1. What are the difference between SMS and BBM
2. What are the difference between networking and telecommunication
3. What are the difference between SMS and IM

Application of GSM

• Home automation.
• Mobile telephony.
• Automatic meter reading.
• Toll collection.
• A user can control in case of forgetting to do so while leaving for some other place.
• Value-added services.
• Fleet management.
• Energy Conversion.
• Personal communication using GSM.
• Irrigation system.
• It will also help to control while attending the other work.
• It is used to improve the security of our home and office.
• Office automation.
• Remote sensing and also for monitoring of electrical fault in a pump or motor.

Some application while combining with GSM techniques including  W-CDMA, LTE, EGGE :

• Measuring multi-standard radio base station.
• Including EDGE evolution with GSM to change in radio interface.
• Machine to machine communication is about integrated real-time data from remote assets with a business process to gain more business advantages.

GSM handover

Definition of handover : 

Handover is the process of transferring a mobile station from one channel to another channel side.

This system can be defined as a mechanism to hand over the mobile device to the neighboring cell.

Basically, handover is a core element that can be planned and deployed cellular system based network. It must be efficiently done using different strategies.

In the handover process, if the mobile device moves out the range of one cell, a different base station provides it with a use of the stronger signal.

In this process, if the channel of the base station is busy then the nearby base station can provide service to the device.

Types of handover :

There are two types of handover :

1. Hard Handover
2. Soft Handover

1. Hard handover :

In hard handover, the radio link must be dropped for a small amount of time before it can be taken over by another base station.

So the call process not from only one base station (BS) to another base station but from current transmits to receiver frequency pair to another frequency pair. A break in call transmission is called as a call drop.

In general, the handover occurs in a very few milliseconds. The GSM system performs hard handovers.

2. Soft handover :

While in soft handover indicates an MS full form is a mobile station at the boundary of two adjacent cells does not call drop because of handover in the boundary region. 

A mobile can be connected easily to several base station (BS full form) is base stations simultaneously. The 3D CDMA support soft handover.