ECSTUFF4U for Electronics Engineer

What are Power Converters?

A power converter is an electrical circuit that converts the electrical energy from one form into the desired form optimized for the specific load. This conversion can be from direct current to alternating current to direct current to increase or decrease the magnitude of the input voltage, invert polarity, or produce several output voltages of either the same polarity as the input, different polarity, or mixed polarity, such as in the computer power supply unit. Converters are available in the form of a simple transformer or may be more complex, depending on the application. This article will discuss what power converters are and their different types.

Table of Content

What is Power converters?

Types of Power converters

AC-DC Converters
DC-DC Converters
DC-AC Converters
AC-AC converters

Types of Power Converters

1. AC-DC Converters (Phase Controlled Rectifiers)

An AC to DC converter is an electrical circuit that transforms alternating current ( AC ) input into direct current ( DC ) output. These rectifiers use line voltage for their communication.

AC to DC converter is mainly used in power electronic applications where the power input is a 50 Hz or 60 Hz sine-wave AC voltage that requires power conversion for a DC output.

It may be fed from a one-phase or three-phase source. It is used in DC drives, metallurgical and chemical industries, excitation systems for synchronous machines, etc.

2. DC-DC Converters (DC Choppers)

A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device that converts a source of direct current from one voltage level to another. It is also known as DC choppers.

A DC chopper circuit is needed to force, load, and commute to turn off the thyristors. Thyristors are replaced by power transistors for the lower power circuit.

Classification of the chopper circuit is dependent upon the types of DC communication and also on the direction of power flow. It finds wide application in DC drives, subway cars, trolley trucks, battery-driven vehicles, etc.

3. DC-AC Converters (Power Inverters)

DC to AC converters is electronic circuits that change direct current ( DC ) to alternating current ( AC ). A DC-to-AC converter is also called a power inverter. Output current may be variable current and variable frequency.

This types of converter find wide use in induction motor and synchronous motor drives, induction heating, UPS, HVDC, and transmission etc.

Power inverters use load, line, or forced commutation for turning off the thyristors.

At present, the conventional thyristor is also being replaced by high power application and by power transistors in low-power applications.

4. AC-AC converters:

AC to AC converters is electronic circuits that convert an AC waveform to another AC waveform, where the output voltage and frequency can be set arbitrarily. In other words, it converts a fixed AC input voltage into a variable AC output voltage.

There are two types of AC to AC converters:

AC Voltage Controllers
Cyclo Converters

AC voltage controllers convert fixed AC voltage directly to a variable AC voltage at the same frequency. It is based on either thyristors, TRIACs, SCRs, or IGBTs, which convert a fixed voltage, fixed frequency alternating current electrical input supply to obtain a variable voltage in output delivered to a resistive load.

The output voltage is controlled by varying the firing angle delay, and the turn-off device is obtained by line communication.

They are widely used for lighting control, speed control of fans, pumps, etc.

Cyclo converters convert AC, power at one frequency into AC power of an adjustable but lower frequency without any direct current. It converts input power at one frequency to output power at a different frequency through one-stage conversion.

Line commutation is more common in cyclo converters, so that forced and load commuted cyclo-converters are also employed.

They are primarily used for slow-speed large AC drives like rotary kiln etc.

Types of DC Motor

A direct current motor ( DC Motor) is a machine that converts direct electrical energy into mechanical energy by varying winding and magnetic field configurations to achieve desired operating characteristics.

There are four major type of DC Motor

Series DC Motor
Shunt DC Motor
Compund DC Motor
Parmanenet Magnet DC Motor

Classification of DC Motor

Based on types of construction and electrical connections, DC motors can be categorized below:

Permanent Magnet DC Motor
Shunt Motor
Serioes Motor
Compund Motor
Short Shunt Motor
Long Shunt Motor
Differentially Compound
Cumulatice compound

Permananetr Magnet DC motor

Permanent Magnet A DC motor uses a strong magnet attached to the yoke to maintain a constant magnetic flux. These are used in automobile starters, wipers, air conditioners, and more. To generate more power, these DC motors frequently use powerful magnets made of rare earth alloys such as neodymium.

Shunt DC Motor

The field is connected to the armature winding in parallel, also known as a shunt. The shunt field can be excited separately from the armature windings, allowing for more precise speed regulation and simple reverse control.

Series DC Motor

A large wire carrying the entire armature current winds the field in a few turns. These are not the best choice for variable-speed applications. This is useful for applications that require large starting loads, such as traction, cranes, and other heavy machinery. These motors generate a lot of starting torque, but their speed cannot be controlled. If they are run without any load, they may sustain damage. A series motor's speed is proportional to its load, so as the total current flowing through the circuit decreases, the speed increases.

Compund DC Motor

These have a shunt field that is evidently excited. A compound DC motor has two sets of field winding on each magnetic pole, one in series and the other to the armature winding. They have a good starting torque but may have issues in variable-speed applications.

Compund DC motors are dividing into two types

Short Shunt Compund DC Motor
Long Shunt Compound DC Motor

Short Shunt DC Motor

The shunt field winding is only connected to the armature winding, and too in parallel. The field coil, which is in series, is completely exposed to current before being separated into the armature.

Long Shunt DC Motor

The shunt field winding is connected in parallel with both the series field coil and the armature, which are then connected in series.

Differentially Compound DC Motor

In a DC compounded motor, the shunt field winding is designed to reduce the effect of the main series winding flux.

Cumulative compund DC Motor

The flux produced by the shunt field winding amplifies the effect of the main field flux produced by the series winding.

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Part of DC Motor

Parts of a DC Motor

A direct current motor (DC motor) is an electrical device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. A DC motor's input electrical energy is direct current, which is converted into mechanical rotation. In this session, we'll learn about DC motors and their different parts and applications.

Different parts of DC Motor

Following are the main parts of DC motors:

Stator

The stator is the stationary part of the DC motor, and its primary function is to generate the magnetic field. The stator consists of two or more magnetic poles. The stator established two poles, north and south poles, which interact with the rotor to produce torque. These poles are made up of either permanent magnets or electromagnets. The stator consists of field winding. The field windings are wound around the stator poles. When current flows through these windings, it generates a strong magnetic field that interacts with the rotor, causing movments. Field windings are connected in series or parallel with the motors.

Rotor

The rotor is the dynamic portion of the DC motor that is also called an armature. It consists of a cylindrical core made up of laminated steel. In this motor, different slots are made at the core of the rotor to accommodate the windings. These windings are made of copper wire and are wound into the slots of the rotor's core. When current flows through these windings, it generates a magnetic field around the rotors, which interacts with the stator and causes rotational movement.

Commutator

The communtator is another imrptoatn part of the DC motor. It is made up of hard drawn copper segments that have been mica insulated. The priamry function of commutaor is to deliver electrical current to the aramature windiing. It is a split ring device that is connected to the aramature windiing ad rotates with them. When the armature crosses a magnetic pole, the current throungh the windiing are reverses ad the motors torwue is maintained. This reversal of the current keep force applied to the rotor in the same direrction, ensuring smooth rotation.

Brushes

DC motor brushes are made of graphite and carbon and serve to transfer current from an external power source to the commutators. Brushes are mounted on the motor housing and make sliding contact with the commutator. As a result, we conclude that the commutator and brushes are responsible for transmitting power from the static current to the mechanically rotating region or rotor. Brushes wear out over time due to friction with the commutator and must be replaced frequenlty. It also generates noise and causes power losses. Regular inspection for wear and tear as well as clening to remove debris or dust build up can have a significant impct on the motor's effiecinecy.

Armature

When examining a DC motor, the armature is a critical component that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. Armature construction is a critical aspect that directly impacts the motor's efficiency and performance. Typically armatures have a core made of thin, insulated metal sheets that are stacked to form the armature's body. This construction allows for the creation of a magnetic field essential for the motor's operations.

The torque, speed, and overall functionality of a motor are heavily influenced by its armature's winding techniques. The winding process involves wrapping copper wire around the armature core to form multiple coils that strengthen the magnetic field. The number of windings, wire gauge, and winding pattern all have a significant influence on the motor's charcteristics. Engineers can tailors the motor to specific requirements by carefully selecting the appropriate winding technique, resulting in optimal performance in a variety of applications.

Applications of DC motors

Shunt DC Motors

Centrifugal and reciprocating pumps
Lathe machines
Blowers and fans
Drills
Fans
Windscreen wiper drives
Machine tools
Milling machines

Series DC Motors

cranes
Conveyors
Hoist
Elevators
Power tool
Hair dryers
Winching systems
Electric locomotives

Compound DC Motors

Rolling mills

Presses

Heavy planner

stamping machines

Conveyers

Compressors

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Types of DC Motor

Voltmeter Vs Multimeter : Which is right for your needs?

When it comes to measuring electrical current, a voltmeter and multimeter are two of the most common tools used. If you are reading this article, then you must have some idea of the basic difference between the two. . Go through this article to find out the difference between voltmeter and multimeter and how they differ from each other.

What is a Voltmeter?

A voltmeter is an instrument that measures voltages, either direct or alternating electric current, on a scale usually graduated in volts, millivolts, or kilovolts. A voltmeter can also provide a reading in analogue form by moving the pointer that indicates voltages on a scale, but digital voltmeters generally have a higher order of accuracy than analogue intruments. A voltmeter has very high internal resistance, so there is no current flow through the voltmeter; this allows the voltmeter to record the correct voltage reading.

Types of Voltmeter

Voltmeters are classified into two types based on how they are measured and displayed.

1. Analog Voltmeter

2. Digital Voltmeter

What is a Multimeter?

A multimeter is a combination of different measuring instruments in a single unit. It is a primary quality control tool and is used to measure two or more electrical values. principally voltages, current (amps), and resistance (ohms). An extended multimeter can measure additional electrical properties such as transistor gain, diode forward voltage, capacitance, and so on. Some multimeters have additional specialised features or advanced options. Some technicians have specific requirements and may require a model tailored to their needs.

Types of Multimeters

Each is designed to measure the same basic electrical values but differ in its method of measurement and display. Multimeters are of two types as:

1. Analog Multimeter

2. Digital Multimeter

Voltmeter vs. Multimeter: What's the Difference?

Function:

A voltmeter only measures the voltage between two points in an electric circuit. wheres A multimeter combines the functions of various metres, such as voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter, etc., in a single unit.

Resistance:

In addition to a voltmeter, an ammeter is required to measure a circuit's resistance. A multimeter can directly measure the resistance of a circuit. There's no need to use a separate ammeter for this.

Internal resistance:

The voltmeter has high internal resistance so that no current flows through it. The internal resistance of the multimeter is variable depending upon the function of the metre.

Cost:

Voltmeters are comparatively cheaper. Multimeters are more expensive because they have multiple parts that measure different parameters.

Testing:

A voltmeter is generally not used to test diodes or transistors. A multimeter can be used to test diodes and transistors.

AC and DC measurement:

Separate voltmeters are required to measure both AC and DC voltage. A single multimeter can measure both AC and DC quantities.

Size:

A voltmeter is smaller in size, while a multimeter is relatively bigger in size.

Accuracy:

A voltmeter is highly accurate; on the other hand, a multimeter is highly accurate but varies by quality and design of multimeter.

Application:

The areas of application of the voltmeter are narrow. While in multimeters, they have a wide area of applications for their capability to perform multifarious functions.

Substitution:

A voltmeter cannot substitute for a multimeter. While a multimeter can be used as a voltmeter.

Need power supply:

A voltmeter does not require a device power supply to work. A multimeter (digital) requires a power supply to function.

Circuit connection:

Voltmeters only in parallel to the device they're measuring. In contrast, a multimeter circuit connection that is multiple, depending on what you're measuring.

Versatility:

A voltmeter is not a versatile instrument because it is only able to measure the potential difference between two points. But a multimeter is a versatile instrument because it can be used to measure various electrical properties.

Construction:

A voltmeter has only one circuit for measuring the voltage; therefore, it is relatively simple in construction. As a multimer combines various function in a single unit, its construction is complex.

Scale:

A voltmeter has a scale that is calibrated to measure the voltage in volts, kV, etc. But a multimeter has its scale calibrated for measuring various electrical quantities like amperes, volts, ohms, etc.

Voltmeter Vs Multimeter : Which is right for your needs?

Conclusion:

To conclude, if you need to measure only voltage in an electric circuit, then you need to use a voltmeter, but if you need to measure other properties like current, resistance, and voltage, then you need to use a multimeter. The difference between a voltmeter and a multimeter is quite straightforward.

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Benefits of Earthing

Earthing

Earthing is one of the best methods of safety. Electrical earthing is the process of transmitting the electrical discharge of the electric energy, which takes place by transmitting charges directly to the earth through a low-resistance wire.

Earthing protects devices and power systems from electrical damage. The primary purpose of earthing is to reduce the load when the electrical system overloads.

What are the Benefits of Earthing?

The major benefits of electric earthing are listed below:

Stabilise the voltage level

Earthing helps in protecting overvoltage and stabilisation of voltage. Earting may also help the right amount of power to be distributed to all the right places, which can play a role in helping to ensure circuits aren't overloaded and blown.

Earthing can help direct electricity

If your house is arranged in a proper electrical earthing system, you can easily arrange paths for the power to be directed straight where you want.

Prevent damage, injury and death

Life cannot be done without electricity. You can't imagine an office, house, or any other place without a propel grounded electrical system. In this case, you are risking your life and any other electrical devices connected to your system being damaged beyond repair. So earthing prevents injury damage and death caused by electric current. Electrical earthing is very important to avoid wasting your life and your property.

Cuases Fires

Excessive use of electricity can also cause fires. causing not only extensive productivity and data loss but also bodily harm. So it can help to avoid the risk of fire in electrical installation systems.

Minimizes electromagnetic interference

Earthing can minimise electromagnetic interference, which can improve the performance of sensitive electronic equipment and communication systems.

Earthing can be used in many industrial sectors, such as:

Highways
Oil refinery
Home
Steel plant
Earthing for dataceneters
Solar systems
Lightening systems
Power plants
Railways
Cement plants
Tranformers
DG sets, etc

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Difference between earthing and grouding

IR Vs RF Remote | Difference | Comparison

RF stands for radio frequency; the range in frequency is from 3 KHZ to 300 GHZ, while IR stands for infrared frequency, which ranges from 300 GHZ to 400 THZ according to the scale. Both radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) remotes are popular forms of remote control technology that communicate commands. The following are the primary differences between IR and RF remotes.

IR vs. RF Remote | Difference between IR remote and RF remote

1. Range

The range of the IR remote is typically up to 10 meters. It requires a clear line of sight between the remote and device. While in RF remotes typically have a range of up to 30 meters (100 feet), depending on the frequency and power. It can penetrate walls, floors, and furniture.

2. Line of Sight

IR remote work with direct light of sight between control and device sensor. Walls and furniture can serve as barriers blocking the signals. While in RF remote does not require line of sight. The signal can pass through most objects, making it more versatile in home setups.

3. Power Consumption

IR consumes less power consumption, which results in a longer battery lifespan, whereas the Rf Remote has slightly higher power consumption, caused by the Rf device having stronger signals. The power consumption also increases slightly.

4. Frequency

IR remote has 30-40 KHZ frequency, while RF remote operates at a higher frequency, usually in the 433 MHz, 868 MHZ, or 2.4 GHZ.

5. Cost

IR remotes are generally cheaper to produce and widely used in standard consumer electronics, while RF remotes are more expensive due to advanced components and broader capabilities.

6. Number of Bits per frame

The maximum bit of an IR remote is 40 bits, while in an RF remote it's about 80 to 140 bits per frame.

7. Applications

IR remotes are commonly used in televisions, air conditioners, and audio systems, while RF remotes are typically used in garage door openers, smart home devices, and drone RC toys.

8. Bidirectional mode of operation

In IR remotes, bidirectional mode of operation is not possible due to power consumption, while bidirectional mode of operation is possible in RF remotes.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How do I know if my TV is IR or RF?

To determine if your TV uses an infrared (IR) or radio frequency (RF) signal, If you see a light flashing on the remotes infrared emitter, it is likely an IR remote. If there is no visible light and the remote still operates the device, it is probably an RF remote.

2. Should my remote be IR or RF?

IR remotes are generally required for shorter distances and lines of sight, like TV, while RF remotes handle longer distances, like garage door operators.

3. Do all TV remotes use IR?

No, not all TV remotes use infrared. In today's requirement, the majority of remote controls are still IR-based. While the vast majority of TV manufacturers have begun experimenting with more advanced features on remotes, such as Bluetooth/WiFi connectivity and even functionality without needing a direct line of sight.

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Difference between MCB and MCCB

Advantages of Packet Switching over Circuit Switching

Packet switching is a communication technology that divides data into smaller units known as packets and transfers them over a network. Each packet contains the source and destination addresses, as well as additional routing information. Packets may take alternate paths to their destination and be broadcast out of order or delayed owing to network congestion.

Advantages of Packet Switching:

Packet switching is more reliable than circuit switching.
Packet switching has increased efficiency and reduced bandwidth network waste.
Packet switching operates at an ideal speed with low latency factors.
Packet switching enhanced the circuit's fault tolerance.
Packet switching is more adaptable and can handle a wider range of data speeds and packet sizes than circuit switching.
Packet switching is cheaper than circuit switching since resources are shared by multiple users.
Packet switching is efficient because it distributes bandwidth among several users and allocates resources only when data has to be transferred.
Packet switching networks are often more fault tolerant because data can use alternate pathways if one path becomes unavailable, ensuring continuous communication even in the event of a network breakdown.

Packet switching offer greater flexibility, efficiency and resilience compared to circuit switching, making it more suitable for modern, data intensive networks.

Pros and Cons of DSL

DSL stands for Digital subscriber line. The same pair of copper wires that carry your phone service are also used by DSL to carry internet data to an advanced modulation technique. DSL is frequently called a last mile technology because it is only utilized for connection made between switching stations that is from one phone station to another, instead of between switching stations.

Advantages of DSL | Pros of DSL

1.Speed: DSL provides high speed internet access, it is far better than that of normal modems. It allowing user to stream, download and upload large amount of data quickly.

2. Reliable: DSL is a reliable alternative for internet connection since it is constant dependable technology with continuous performance.

3. Cost effective: DSL internet is a low-cost alternative to cable connections that offers high-quality connectivity.

4. No additional cables: DSL connection utilizes your existing phone line, eliminating the need for expensive phone system upgrades.

5. Widespread availability: DSL is accessible in numerous locations, including rural areas, as it operates over phone lines.

6. Easy installation: DSL is an excellent alternative for people who are new to the internet or need to go online quickly because it is straightforward to set up and does not require any additional equipment.

7. Support multiple devices: DSL is great choice for homes with a lot of users and gadgets because it can support several devices at once.

Disadvantages of DSL | Cons of DSL

1. Limitation on distance: The primary disadvantages of DSL connection drops with increasing distance from the central office. This may restrict the amount of high speed internet that is available in remote or rural locations that are far from the main office.

2. Telephone line dependence: DSL technology relies on copper telephone lines, which can be affected by interference from various electronic devices such as televisions and microwaves.

3. Bandwidth constraints: The efficiency of a DSL connection can be influenced by factors such as the number of users on the network, the distance from the central office, and the quality of the copper cable, resulting in variations in performance and speed.

4. Availability of service providers: DSL services are typically offered by telephone companies, but in certain areas, the options for service providers may be limited. This can make it challenging for customers to select the most suitable plan or provider for their requirements.

5. Installation restrictions: The installation of a new DSLAM at the central office, which is required for DSL technology, can increase costs and time for enterprises. It also need new infrastructure and wiring, which may be challenging in particular areas.

What is AVCHD

AVCHD stands for advanced video coding high definition, It captures 1080i and 720p with ease, this format is typically used for Hi-Def videos. The AVCHD format was jointly developed by Sony and Panasonic in 2006. Additional characteristics that make this video format ideal for media presentations include menu navigation, basic slide and subtitles. You may effectively burn high definition video into a conventional disc players by using this format.

How to open AVCHD files

Know the location of the AVCHD file you want to open.
Launch creator NXT. File>Open>.
Select the files and select open.
Edit the file with creators many audio and video editing tools.
Before you choose creator, be sure to save your file. File > Save As, And name it as desired.

The fundamental component of this format is an MPEG transport stream that contains the H.264 video codec and Dolby AC-3 audio, along with additional restrictions related to the camcorders. Additional characteristics that make this video format ideal for media presentations include menu navigation, basic slide and subtitles.

AVCHD Pros

It is able to record good quality live pictures.
It is compatible with blu ray disc format.
It produce good quality audio.
AVCHD can easily record 1920 by 1080 resolution at 16:9 aspect ratio, 60i, 50i footage.

AVCHD Cons

It is difficult to save in one file because of the .m2ts file format.

AVCHD Vs MP4 | Difference | Comparison

Regarding AVCHD Vs MP4 for editing, are you confused? What is superior? The sizes, video quality, frame rate, audio codec, video codec, and other features of these two media formats have been compared here. Let's continue to examine the differences between them.

What is AVCHD?

AVCHD, Advanced video Codec High Definition, is a file-based format used for digital HD video recording and playback. The high-efficiency compression coding technologies used in the development of the AVCHD format by Sony and Panasonic jointly included H.264 and MPEG-4 part 10 for video compression and Dolby AC-3 and pulse code modulation for audio compression.

You can record HD video to hard drives, memory cards, and DVDs using AVCHD. AVCHD enables direct HDMI port connections to HD TVs and other compatible devices.

What is MP4?

MP4 was developed by a team of motion picture professionals. Although it supports several different video codecs, the format favours .264. It is supported by many modern devices. In relation to it, consumers of this format obtain videos of excellent quality in relatively tiny file sizes. Adding extra audio tracks and soft-subtitling MP4 movies is difficult. MP4 videos are easily transferable. They support the HLS and MPEG-DASH streaming protocols.

AVCHD VS MP4 | Difference between AVCHD and MP4

1. File Extension

AVCHD has the.mts format, but when stored in a computer, they require the.m2ts extension. On the other hand, all MP4 files have a.mp4 extension anytime.

Video quality

An AVCHD video contains even the most minute details captured by camcorders. So, if you compare AVCHD vs MP4 for canon recording, AVCHD is good choice for quality. Whereas the MP4 can go up to 60 frames per second at 1080p.

Best for

AVCHD is best of playback of high definition video recording, Whereas MP4 is video and audio, and stream over the internet.

File Size

AVCHD files are larger than MP4 files in terms of size. AHCHD is less compressed than MP4.

Best for

AVHD playback of high definition video and digital recording, MP4 store video and audio, and stream over the internet.

Frame Rate

The frame rate of AVCHD is 24 frame/s for 60 Hz models and 50 frames/s for 50 Hz models, but the frame rate of MP4 is 24 frame/s for most movies, 25 frames/s, and 30 frame/s for TV video.

Video Codec

Video codec AVCHD - MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, Video codec MP4 - MPEG-4 AVC/H.264

Audio Codec

Audio codec AVCHD - Dolby Digital AC-3, Audio codec MP4 - MPEG-4 AAC LC.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is AVCHD better quality than MP4?

The AVCHD format produces higher video quality than MP4. It is commonly utilized on camcorders such as sony and panasonic. MP4 files are smaller than videos in AVCHD and may be played on practically any device. Both formats can employ the H.264 video codec, however, MP4 can also use other codecs.

2. Can You Convert AVCHD to MP4?

Yes, you can convert AVCHD video to MP4 format; you can use tools like VLC, Handbrake, or freemake Converter to accomplish so.

3. Does AVCHD support 4K?

No, AVCHD does not support 4K. AVCHD primarily supports full HD resolution, while some high-end camcorders can record in 4K; they usually do so in a separate format, such as XAVC S or 4K MP4. AVCHD was developed for consumer camcorders, primarily focusing on capturing high-quality films in 1080p.

Pros and Cons of Cable Internet

The switch of records for cable net operates via coaxial cable lines, which might be additionally applied for cable TV offerings. Unlike fiber generation that employs light, cable net makes use of strength to transmit records. While it can now no longer provide the equal excessive speeds as fiber, cable net connections are presently extra easily to be had and accessible.

Pros of Cable Internet | Advantages of Cable Internet

1. Speed of connection

In contrast to the choices available online, cable internet offers much faster internet speeds compared to other cables. Information can travel at a rapid pace when coaxial cables are utilized to transport it.

2. Widespread Availability

The coaxial cable infrastructure that helps each your cable tv and cable net offerings comes with some of critical benefits. Their accessibility is significantly extended through this not unusual place infrastructure, specifically in towns area.

3. Weatherproof

Compared to satellite TV for computer internet, cable internet is unaffected by bad weather.

4. Affordable choice

Cable internet offers cost-effective connectivity for every households and wonderful corporations devices, delivering a several array of services and applications.

5. Reliability

Another advantages of cabIe internet is it is more dependable than a wireless connection. With a connected, signal interference is less likely to occur.

6. Better support for customers

The major blessings of Cable Internet is it's far in Customers in those occasions want a web connection that resolves speedy and it gives great purchaser provider.

7. Strong security

Because cable net makes use of a modem and router configuration, so it's far extra stable in opposition to hackers than a few different options.

8. Flexibility

Some providers frequently provide a range of plans at varying speeds and costs. Some even include combining with other services, such as phone or cable TV.

Cons of Cable Internet | Disadvantages of Cable Internet

1. Installation

The main drawback of a cable internet connection requires the presence of existing coaxial wires. It could be necessary to hire a professional installer if you don't have them.

2. Distance Limitations

If you stay a long way from the provider carriers important office, the great and velocity of your DSL connection may also go through and now no longer to be good.

3. Standalone cost

When as compared to bundled services, having handiest cable net and no cable TV may also bring about extra expenses.

4. Latency

When as compared to extra current technology like fiber optic, cable net may also have a bigger latency. So, Games and different actual time programs can be impacted through this problem.

5. Slower in Comparison

DSL connection typically don't have speeds comparable to cable or fiber optic connections.

6. Not the fastest

Another major drawback is Fiber optic and fixed wireless internet are two possibilities for speedier internet. While their cable internet speed is no fastest compared to others.

7. Cost

Cable internet costs a little bit more than DSL cable.

Fiber Vs Broadband | Difference | Comparison

In addition being reliable, fiber broadband is significantly faster than regular broadband. One kind of internet service that offer its customers high speed access is called broadband. Let's discuss some key difference between Fiber Vs Broadband in the following points.

What is Fiber?

Photons or light waves are used in fiber optics to carry data across a fiber optic cable. Because the refractive indices of the glass fiber core and cladding differ light entering the structure is bent at varying angles. Repeaters may need to be used on a regular basis during fiber optic transmission in order to restore or enhance the signal during the transmission. These repeaters regenerate the optical signal by first converting it to an electrical signal, then processing that signal, and finally retransmitting the optical signal. Signal up to 10 Gbps can currently be supported by fiber optic lines. In general, fiber optic cables get more expensive the higher their bandwidth capacity.

What is Broadband?

High speed internet connectivity that is always on and faster than dial up is generally referred to as broadband. Many high speed transmission systems are included in broadband such as:

Digital subscriber Line(DSL) cable satellite fiber modem
Broadband via power lines(BPL)

There are several elements that will influence the broadband technology you choose. These could include your locations, the cost and availability of broadband internet access and the way it is combined with other services.

Fiber Vs Broadband | Difference between Fiber and Broadband

1. Network

In fiber type broadband, fiber optic cables are used for sending the data. The hybrid fiber connection uses the copper wires. In a normal broadband, the copper circuits are used.

2. Reliability

The fiber broadband is less reliable when it is compared to a broadband connection. But the broadband connection is more reliable compare to fiber broadband.

3. Speed

The fiber broadband connection is very fast speed internet as it uses optical fiber for transmission of data. The fiber broadband is faster than broadband connection. On the other hand, The broadband connection is fast speed internet, but the speed is slower when it is compared to fiber connection.

4. Cost

The fiber connection is not so cost effective as the fiber cables are costlier, increasing the cost if fiber connection setup. In contrast the cost of broadband setup is comparatively less to a fiber broadband connection.

5. Target Audience

The main target audience for the fiber connection is office and corporate sector as the cost is high for this setup that the organization can afford. The fiber is a high speed internet connection that is the requirement of large scale organization.

The main target audience for the broadband connection is homes and personal uses as the cost of broadband connection is low and the connection is also reliable and fast speed internet.

Conclusion

When you locate impacts whether to use broadband or fiber optics. User can easily get high speed internet with both fiber and broadband connections. The requirements and needs of the user will determine which option is best for them.

What is DSL Internet

DSL stands for Digital Subscriber line, it is technology where a DSL line is used to connect to the internet and transmit digital data through copper telephone lines. DSL is emerged as revolutionary and innovative technology solution in the 1980s and 1990s. In-depth discussion of DSL, Addressing connection, Types, Full form, and network topology is provided in this article.

DSL full form:

DSL stands for digital subscriber Line. This nomenclature is rooted in the technology fundamental function. The subscriber line is part of the name indicates that the technology is used on the individual lines of subscribers, typically ordinary telephone line that connect homes and business to the telephone company's central office.

There are three types of DSL:

ADSL: With asymmetric DSL, download rates are quicker. Data reception is quicker than data transmission. 20 Mbps for downloads and 1.4 Mbps for uploads are possible.
SDSL: Because symmetric DSL evenly divides the incoming and outgoing frequencies, the bitrates for uploads and downloads are equal.
VDSL: Very high speed digital subscriber line, an upgrade on their prior HDSL, VDSL connects to extremely high frequencies providing download speed of up to 52 Mbps and upload speed of up to 16 Mbps. VDSL2 can provide speed up to 1000 Mbps for both upload and download.

How does DSL operates?

DSL transmit data by using copper telephone lines higher frequency channels. Because of this strategy, phone and internet services can operates simultaneously on the same line without interfacing with one another. A DSL modem, which modulates and demodulates data signals, and a DSL cable, which connects the modem to the phone line, are the essential part of a DSL connection. User will always have a dedicated line for internet access due to this configuration.

5G Vs Fiber | Difference | Comparison

Many people have asked about the difference between fiber optic internet and the 5G network since their launch. We all need to have access to fast internet since things are changing quickly in this world and because people rely more and more on it. You may be wondering how 5G differs from fiber optic. Here this article gives the information about the difference between 5G and Fiber to better understand about this topic.

What is 5G?

5G(Fifth Generation) is wireless technology expected to offer customers download rates that can reach 10 times the speed of fourth generation(4G) technology. 5G networks provide users higher upload and download speeds by combining several technologies, such as beamforming, huge MIMO antenna arrays and millimeter waves. While 5G is currently only available in a few places and is still in the early stages of implementation, it should soon be available everywhere.

Pros of 5G

5G network can offer up to 10 times faster speeds compared to 4G networks.
5G network can support more devices simultaneously compared to previous generations of wireless technology.
5G network offer lower latency.

Cons of 5G

5G technology is more expensive compared to other broadband technology.
It is few areas have access it.

What is Fiber?

Many businesses have adopted fiber optic as their internet communication method. Though it is offered via the use of a copper wire connection. Fiber optic internet operates on a somewhat different concept. It is one of the most popular option because the connection primarily uses light, rather than power to transmit data.

Pros of Fiber

It is symmetrical speeds
Lots of plan and price options.
It is long lasting.
It is greater bandwidth.
It is cheap to replace.
Less interference.
It is multi gigabit speeds.

Cons of Fiber

It is expensive to install.
It is limited nationwide availability.
It is not available everywhere.
It may slow down during high traffic periods.
It is not as fast at transferring data as 5G.

5G Vs Fiber | Difference between 5G and Fiber

1. Technology

5G is the 5th generation of mobile wireless system, which use radio wave for sending and receiving data. But the Fiber uses light to transmit data through fiber optic cables.

2. Speed

5G can reach up to the scale of 20 Gbps Downlink, and 10 Gbps uplink. Fiber optic can reach up to 1 petabit per second. However the practical speed up to 100 Gbps. So the fiber download speed are quicker than 5G download speeds.

3. Cost

5G is lot of cheaper to install and roll out, but the operational cost of 5G is significantly higher than fiber optic.

4. Distance

5G reach up to few 100 meters, On the other hand, Signal over Fiber can travel up to 70 Km without losing signals. Where's the cost of the end user is also considerably lower than fiber.

5. Security

Fiber internet is generally more secure due to being wired. 5G network utilize end to end encryption. This makes 5G the more secure choice.

6. Response Time

5G is slower than fiber optics whereas Fiber is faster than 5G.

7. Latency

5G has a latency of around four milliseconds, Whereas the fiber figure of one millisecond.

8. Set up

5G is wireless, it is simple and easy to set up. For 5G connection, first you'll need to check whether a 5G connection is available at your address. On the other hand, Fiber optic connection is a lot of more complex, and you'll require a fiber optic cable running from a junction box to the place you want the modem installed in your home.

Conclusion

As you can see, 5G is certainly an advantages for smartphones, the technology isn't yet ready to completely replace fiber to the home internet service. These two technologies share many characteristics but also offer differ in a few ways. The most important is speed. The bandwidth of fiber optic is significantly more than of a 5G network.

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