Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

Cloud computing is the use of the internet for the task you perform on your computer device. The cloud represents the internet. This article gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing to know more details about it.

Advantages of cloud computing :

• Storage
• Lower computer cost
• Improve performance
• Scalability
• Mobility
• Instant software update
• Unlimited storage capacity
• Device independence
• Reduced software cost
• Latest version availability
• Cost efficiency
• IT innovation

Disadvantages of cloud computing :

• Control and reliability
• Can be slow
• Features might be limited
• Does not work well with low-speed connection
• Unpredictable cost
• Compatibility
• Require constant internet
• Speed connection
• Storage date might not be secure
• Storage data can be lost
• Contracts and look-ins

Advantages and disadvantages of android

Android is the most important Google service like Android operating system supports all of Google's services ranging from Gmail to Google Reader. All Google services can you have with one operating system, namely Android. This article gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of Android to know more details about it. 

Learn details on all the pros and cons of the Android system.

Advantages or benefits of Android:

• Android is totally open because it is a Linux based open source
• Excellent software support
• It gives you a better notification
• It lets you choose your hardware, allowing you to select the device that best meets your requirements and interests.
• It has a better app market
• Frequent OS updates, Users may take advantage of the most recent features and upgrade faster than on other devices.
• A more mature platform
• Android type of phone can also function as a router to share internet
• It will be more secure than the iPhone OS
• All applications are treated equally
• Easy to access the Android app in the market, You may enjoy a wide range of apps accessible on the Google Play Store, which can enhance your smartphone experience.
• Can install and modify RAM
• Android is often less costly compared to other smartphones.
• An Android-based product will be cheaper than its propriety
• Support all Google services.
• While using an Android phone, all the notifications of apps, emails, messages, and low battery are displayed nicely.
• With the google chrome, you can open many windows at once.
• If you have a good phone you should be able to run numerous apps at the same time. While using Instagram or Facebook you may listen to music.

Disadvantages or Drawbacks of Android :

• Need internet connection
• Sometimes slow devices 
• Wasteful battery
• It requires to continued internet connection
• Generally, power-hungry
• Very unstable 
• Android market is too much less control of the manager, sometimes there is malware
• Externally in-consistence in design among apps
• No standardization of application quality
• Advertising facility disturb you
• Difficult to modify
• Many application contains a virus
• Android has no standard strategy or upgrade path
• Android application must be written in JAVA

IIR filter properties

IIR filter stands for infinite impulse response. In IIR filter design that are following criteria should be satisfied by designing a digital filter in the analog domain and transforming into the digital domain.

• IIR filter sometimes unstable
• IIR filter has difficult to design
• Lower filter order then a corresponding FIR filter
• Non zero pole exists in its transfer function
• Usually, have nonlinear property
• When phase distortion tolerable IIR usually favored
• IIR filter has lower computational
• IIR filter has less memory
• Less parameter to achieve a sharp cut off filter

FIR filter basics

Digital filter is very important in digital signal processing. As mentioned in the introduction, the filter has basically two uses: separation and signal restoration. One of the most popular filters knows as FIR filter, whose impulse response is of the finite period, as a result of it settles to zero in finite time. FIR filter is the most popular kind of filters can execute in software and these filter can be continuous time, analog or digital and discrete time.

What does FIR mean?

FIR filter stands for finite impulse response filter, It is a digital filter used in digital signal processing application. FIR filter can be easily designed to be in the linear phase.

In this filtering, if you put in an impulse, that is, a single "1" sample followed by many "0" samples, zeroes will come out after the "1" sample so has made its way through the delay line of the filter.

FIR filter is to simple to implement it is one type of advantages of FIR filters. One of the most digital signal processor the FIR calculation can be implemented, learn or done by looping a single instruction.

FIR filter sometimes has the disadvantages that they require more memory or calculation to achieve a given filter response characteristics.

Compared to IIR filter, FIR filter offers the following advantages :

• They are simple to implement, the FIR calculation can be done by looping a single instruction.
• They have desireable numeric properties. IIR filter can cause significant problems due to the use of feedback, but FIR filters without feedback can usually be implemented using fewer bits, and the designer has a fewer practical problem to solve related to non-ideal arithmetic.
• They can be implemented using fractional arithmetic.
• They can be easily be designed to be linear phase. 
• They are suited to multi-rate applications. 

Filter design technique

A filter can be classified in several different groups, depending on what criteria are used for in classification and also for the design to different techniques as well as algorithms. A filter is a system that passes certain frequency component and totally rejects all others. A filter can be used in many application like simulation, bandwidth limiting, signal processing, image processing based on a special type of application, so the design can be implemented based on which type of application. In this article gives the information about how to design in a filter to know more details about filtering.

Typical filter design requirement :

• The filter should a specific frequency response
• The filter should be causal
• The filter should be stable
• The filter should have a specific impulse response
• The filter should have a specific group delay or phase shift 
• Filter design techniques should be implemented in particular software or hardware

Filter design techniques depend on this specification :

• The approximation of the specification using a causal discrete time system or design
• The realization of the system
• And one the specification of the desired properties of the system

Digital filter algorithms

In both recursive and non-recursive (FIR full form and IIR full form filter) in digital signal possessing, the algorithm can be implemented is based on DFT meaning or differential equation.

The algorithm would be used in filtering application in two specific areas like: in filtering algorithms and in signal analysis algorithms.

Their implementation is possible by using hardware or some software. Filtering algorithm can be implemented software like Matlab.

The figure below represents the diagram of the cascaded filter structure. It will help to better to understand how the comparability condition to be work.

Cascaded filter design

IIR filter applications

IIR filter stands for infinite impulse response are also known as the recursive type of filter operates on the current and past input value and current and past output value. In theoretically the impulse response of an IIR filter never reaches zero and is an infinite response.

• Telecommunication 
• Clock recovery in data communication
• Receiver anti-imaging filter
• Digital telephony called digital dual tone multi-frequency touch-tone receiver
• Signal monitoring application

Digital filter basics

Let us know about digital filter first let us learn about filtering. Filtering is the special part of the digital signal processing system. It can also remove unwanted part of the signal such as random noise. 

Digital filter uses a digital filter processor, it is a specific characteristic that you need to pay special attention to. In general digital filter can be considered two types are known as IIR and FIR filter. In the both of recursive and non-recursive (FIR and IIR filter) in DSP, the algorithm can be implemented is based on DFT or differential equation.

In general analogue input signal must satisfy certain requirements, That will be converting an output digital signal into analogue signal form.

A system that performs the mathematical operation in signal processing on a sampled signal to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal is known as a digital filter. It is removed the unwanted parts of the signal.

Explore more information:

1. IIR filter basics 
2. FIR filter basics 
3. Digital filter types 

Digital filter types

Digital filter meaning can be classified in several different groups but there are two major types of digital filter are to be full form of FIR  and full form of IIR. FIR is also called recursive, IIR is also called non-recursive types of filter.

In this article, we have to discuss the basic two types of filter known as the FIR and IIR filter. Now let us check it out some basic characteristics of FIR and IIR filters.

Characteristics of FIR filter :

• Linear phase characteristics
• Stability
• High filter order

Characteristics of  IIR filters :

• Non-linear phase characteristics
• Low filter order
• This filtering, the resulting digital filter has the potential to become unstable 

There is also some  other filter like :

• High pass
• Bandpass
• Low pass
• Stopband
• Notch
• Comb filter 
• All pass filter

Explore more information:

1. Filter design techniques 
2. Advantages and disadvantages of digital filter 
3. Digital filter algorithm 
4. Digital filter applications 
5. Block diagram of FIR filter 
6. FIR filter characteristics 
7. Butterworth low pass filters design 
8. Advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters 
9. IIR filter properties 
10. IIR filter application 
11. Advantages and disadvantages of the bi-linear transformation method 
12. IIR filter examples 
13. Impulse invariant method example 
14. Advantages and disadvantages of IIR filter 

IIR filter basics

IIR stands for infinite impulse response, IIR filter is one of the two primary types of digital filter. It is a very important part of a digital signal processing application. The impulse response of the IIR filter is to be infinite because of feedback in the filter; If you put in an impulse an infinite number of non zero values will come out.

IIR filter is that it can achieve a given filtering characteristic using fewer calculations and memory than a similar FIR filter.

One of the disadvantages of IIR filter is harder to implement using fix point arithmetic also don't offer the computational advantages of FIR filters for multi-rate applications.

IIR full form

What is the full form of IIR?

• Infinite Impulse Response 

What does IIR mean?

IIR filter is the most efficient and fundamental element of a filter to implement in digital signal processing. It is properly applying to many linear invariant systems. IIR filter can achieve a given filtering characteristic using less calculation and memory than a similar for FIR filter.

Explore more information:

1. Full form of DSP
2. Full form of DTFT
3. Full form of LTI
4. Full form of FIR
5. Full form of IIR
6. Full form of ROC
7. Full form of DFT

FIR filter characteristics

Most of the FIR full form filter is that linear phase filter When the linear phase filter is desired an FIR filter meaning is usually used. Here this article gives information about some characteristics of FIR filter to know more about details in FIR filters.

• Can be adaptive
• Unconditionally stable
• No analog equivalent
• In this filter, there is no dispersion hence no change in overall signal shape due to non-linear phase shift
• Impulse response has a finite duration
• Linear phase, constant group delay
• Easy to understand and design like widows sinc method, Fourier series expansion with windowing, frequency sampling using inverse FFT 

FIR full form in dsp

What is the full form of DSP?

• Finite Impulse Response

What does DSP mean?

FIR filter whose response to any finite length input is of finite duration. It can easily be designed to be linear phase. One of the most DSP microprocessors, the FIR calculation can be easily done by looping a single instruction. FIR filter can be discrete time or continuous time as well as digital or analog.

Explore more information:

1. IIR full form

Digital filter applications

In digital filtering, The function of a filter is removing the unwanted part of the signal, such as random noise or extract useful part of the signal such as a component lying within a certain frequency range. This article gives information about the application of a digital filter to know more advance application in Filtering in details.

1. Simulation/modeling 

• Simulating communication channels
• Modeling the human auditory system

2. Bandwidth limiting

• Anti-aliasing filters for sampling
• Ensuring that a transmitted signal occupies only its allotted frequency band

3. Noise suppression

• Imaging devices
• Bio-signals like heart, the brain response

4.  Image processing

• Image processing application
• Enhancement of selected frequency ranges

5. Signal processing

• Speech synthesis
• Geophysical signal
• Processing of seismic
• Equalizers for audio signals
• The audio system such as CD/DVD players
• Removing the DC component of a signal

6. Special operation

• Differentiation
• Integration
• Hibert transform

What is frequency warping

Frequency warping is a one types of transformation process where one spectral representation on a certain frequency scale measured in Hz.  

The amplitude response of digital IIR filter is expanded at lower frequencies and compressed at higher frequencies in comparison to the analog filter. This effect is called frequency warping.

full form of DTFT

What is the full form of DTFT?

• Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 

What does DTFT mean?

DTFT is one type of Fourier transform analysis, it is only applicable to the uniformly spaced of continuous device function. The same way the inverse IDTFT is the original sampled data sequence, the IDFT is a periodic summation of the original sequence.

Full form of ROC

What is the full form of ROC?

• Region Of Convergence 

What does ROC mean?

It is one of the most important roles in the use of z transform for analysis of signal and system. All complex values for which the integral in the definition converges form a region of convergence (ROC) in the s-plane. ROC does not contain any poles.

What is LTI system

LTI is also called an LSI system. LTI stands for the linear time-invariant system also stands for a linear shift-invariant system. LTI is a class of system used in signal and system in digital communication for a linear and time-invariant system.

Linear system is the system whose outputs for a linear combination of input are the same as a linear combination of input is as a linear combination of individual response to those inputs and also have the time-invariant system are a system where the output does not depend on when the input was applied.

Linear convolutions in DSP

Consider relaxed LTI system. A relaxed system means if input x (n) is zero then output y (n) = 0 is zero. Let us say unit impulse 𝛿 (n) is applied to this system then its output is denoted by h (n). h (n) we called as the impulse response of the system.

Step 1 :

         T
𝛿 (n) → y (n) = h (n)

Step 2 :

             T
𝛿 (n-k)  → y (n) = h (n-k)

Step 3 :

                       T

x (k) 𝛿 (n-k)    →  y (n) = x (k) h(n-k) 

Step 4 :

 ∞                                       T   ∞  

∑        = x (k) 𝛿 (n-k) =   y (n) →  ∑      x (k) h(n-k)

k= -∞                                             k= -∞

y (n) = 

 ∞                                        

∑        = x (k) h (n-k)  

k= -∞           

                   
                          ∞

x (n) * h (n)  =   ∑      x (k) h(n-k)

                          k= -∞                                            

                          

Properties of linear convolution

Linear convolution or proof of LTI system is completely characterized by unit impulse response h(n).

These properties are :

• Commutative property
• Associative property
• Distributive property

1.  Commutative property :

x (n) * h (n) = h (n) * x (n)

2. Distributive property :

x (n) * [ h₁ (n) +  h₂ (n) ] =  [ x (n) * h₁ (n) ]  + [   x (n) * h₂ (n) ]

3. Associative property :

[ x (n) * h₁ (n) ] *  h₂ (n)  =  x (n) * [ h₁ (n) *  h₂ (n) ]