LM317 pinout | Introduction | Configuration | Features | Advantages | Application

As we know that IC is available in various forms like 555 timers, single logic gates, microcontroller, microprocessor, voltage regulator, and op-amps like different ICs. IC  LM741, LM324 IC, LM339 IC, LM117, LM358, LM7805, LM138, and many more ICs are available. Here we have to learn or introduce IC LM37. Let us have a deep insight into the introduction, pinout, features, advantages, applications of LM317.

Introduction to LM317:

When it comes to variable control, the LM317 is almost certainly the best choice. It can be used as a fixed voltage regulator, current limiter, battery charger, AC voltage regulator, and even an adjustable current regulator in addition to being a variable voltage regulator. 

LM317 Pinout Diagram:

Pin 1: Adjust - This pin adjusts the output voltage.

Pin 2: Output voltage - The regulated output voltage set by the adjusted pin can be obtained from this

 Pin 3: Input voltage- The input voltage which has to be regulated is given to this pin


LM317 pinout

Features of LM317:

  • The output voltage can set to range from 1.25 to 37V
  • Adjustable 3 terminal positive voltage regulator
  • Require low external component
  • The maximum input to output voltage difference is 40V, recommended 15V
  • The maximum output current when a voltage difference is 15V is 2.2A
  • Available in to-220, SOT223, TO263 package
  • The output current is 1.5A.
  • Overheat shutdown function
  • Capable of short circuit protection
  • Require only two external resistors for output adjustment
  • Low price
  • Reliable to use in commercial applications
  • Low standby current
  • There are 80 dB ripple rejection
  • The operating junction temperature is 125 °C

Application of LM317:

  • Used for positive voltage regulation
  • Variable power supply
  • DC to Dc converter
  • Battery charger
  • Solar power supply
  • Microcontroller related application
  • Current limiting circuits
  • Used in motor control circuits
  • Reverse polarity circuit
  • Commonly used in desktop, PC, DVD, and other consumers products
  • Portable instruments

Simple application circuit of LM317:


The LM317 voltage regulator is demonstrated in this simple circuit. Only two external resistors are needed in this case. Capacitors may also be used to eliminate voltage differences at the input and output terminals. These capacitors help to reduce the output voltage ripple.

Simple application circuit of LM317


The output voltage of this circuit depends on resistors R1 and R2. The equations for calculating output voltage will be:

VOUT: 1.25 * ( 1+(R2+R1)
If R1 & R2 are minimum, the output will be equal to 1.25
If R1=R2, the output voltage will be 2.5 volts.

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DEWA full form

 What is the full form of DEWA?

Answer:

  • Dubai Electricity and Water Authority

What does DEWA mean?

Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid AI Maktoum created DEWA, a public service infrastructure firm, on January 1, 1992. The Dubai Electricity Company and the Dubai Water Agency, which had previously operated separately, merged to create DEWA.

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AEMC full form

What is the full form of AEMC?

Answer:

  • Australian Energy  Market Commission

What does AEMC mean?

The Australian government's specialist energy policy advisor is AEMC. We write, edit, and advise on energy regulations.

TPCOL full form

What is the full form of TPCOL?

Answer:

  • TP Central Odisha Distribution Limited

What does TPCOL mean?

TPCODL is a joint venture between Tata Power and the government of Odisha.

GSECL full form

What is the full form of GSECL?

Answer:

  • Gujarat State Corporation Electricity Limited

What does GSECL?

GSECL is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Gujarat URJA Vikas Nigam, which was formed in august 1993 following the unbundling of the Gujarat electricity board. It is an Indian power generation company that operates in gujarat.

AEP full form in electrical

 What is the full form of AEP?

Answer:

  • American Electric Power

What does AEP mean?


AEP is a major investor-owned electric utility in the US, serving over five million customers across 11 states.

GUVNL full form

 What is the full form of GUVNL?

Answer:

  • Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited

What does GUVNL mean?


GUVNL is a state electricity control board in Gujarat that is wholly owned by the Gujarat government, the state's governing authority in India.


DGVCL full form

 What is the full form of DGVCL?

Answer:

  • Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Limited

What does DGVCL mean?

DGVCL is a government-owned power distribution company. DGVCL has the unique privilege of empowering millions of people by providing electricity to their homes as well as places where they engage in a variety of activities, including agricultural, commercial, manufacturing, and others. DGVCL has a 32 lakh strong customer base.

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  14. Full form of TPCOL
  15. Full form of AEMC
  16. Full form of DEWA

Full form of GETCO

 What is the full form of GETCO?

Answer:

  • Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited

What does GETCO mean?

GETCO was founded in May 1999 and is governed by the Companies Act of 1956. In the light of liberalization and attempts to restructure the power sector, the company was promoted as a wholly-owned subsidiary by the former Gujarat electricity board.

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  1. Full form of NTPC
  2. Full form of BARC
  3. Full form of ONGC
  4. Full form of  ISRO
  5. Full form of NASA
  6. Full form of BHEL
  7. Full form of VSAT
  8. Full form of CEM
  9. Full form of MGVCL
  10. Full form of GEB
  11. Full form of GUVNL
  12. Full form of AEP
  13. Full form of GSECL
  14. Full form of TPCOL
  15. Full form of AEMC
  16. Full form of DEWA

GEB full form

 What is the full form of GEB?

Answer:

  • Gujarat Electricity Board

What does GEB mean?

Gujarat Urja Vikas Limited, formerly Gujarat Electricity Board, is a Gujarat-based electrical services umbrella corporation.

MGVCL full form

 What is the full form of MGVCL?

Answer:

  • Madhya Gujarat Company Limited

What does MGVCL mean?

MGVCL is an ISO 9001-2008 certified leading power distribution company in Gujarat, which distributes electricity in the central area of Gujarat, and its mission is to provide uninterrupted supply.

Full form of BHEL

 What is the full form of BHEL?

Answer:

  • Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

What does BHEL mean?

BHEL is a manufacturing and engineering organization based in New Delhi, India. It is established and controlled by the government of India. It was established in 1964 and is Indias is the oldest and largest producer of power plants.

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  1. Full form of GETCO
  2. Full form of DGVCL

VSAT full form

 What is the full form of VSAT?

Answer:

  • Very Small Aperture Terminal

What does VSAT mean?

VSAT is a miniature earth station that transmits and receives data, speech, and video signals over a satellite communication network, but not broadcast television. VSAT may be used to replace a large physical network because it bounces signals from satellites rather than sending them over a physical connection like an ethernet connection.


BARC full form

What is the full form of BARC?

Answer:

  • Bhabha Atomic Research Center

What does BARC mean?

BARC is India's premier nuclear research facility. It's in Mumbai's Trombay neighborhood. Its primary goal is to discover peaceful nuclear energy applications, especially in the areas of power generation and utilization. Mr. K.N.Vyas has been the director of BARC since 2016. He holds a mechanical engineering degree from Vadodara's Maharaja Sayajirao University.

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  1. Full form of NTPC
  2. Full form of BARC
  3. Full form of ONGC
  4. Full form of  ISRO
  5. Full form of NASA
  6. Full form of BHEL
  7. Full form of VSAT
  8. Full form of CEM
  9. Full form of MGVCL
  10. Full form of GEB
  11. Full form of GETCO

CEM full form

 What is the full form of CEM?

Answer:

  • Certified Energy Manager

What does CEM mean?

CEM is an individual who optimized the energy performance of a facility, building or industrial plant. The CEM is a system integrator for electrical, mechanical, operation, and building facilities, evaluating the most cost-effective options for lowering energy consumption.

Centrifugal Force vs Centripetal Force

 What is centripetal force?

This is the amount of force used to move something in a circle. The force may be anything from friction to gravity to rope tension or some combination of these. The term "centripetal force" refers to a real force that causes something to shift in a circle. This force is often aimed toward the circle of motion's base.

What is Centrifugal force?

This is the force used to make a noninertial reference frame appear to be stationary. This fictitious force appears to drive you away from the middle of the circular motion.

Difference between centrifugal force and centripetal force:

  • Centrifugal force is an object moving in a circle and experiences an outward force then this force is called the centrifugal force, while the object travels at a uniform speed in a circular path is called centripetal force.
  • Centrifugal forced flying of a tire is one example of the centrifugal force, while the centripetal force is a satellite orbiting a plant is an example of the centripetal force.
  • Centrifugal force has object has direction analog the center of the circle from the center approaching the object, while centripetal force object has the direction along the center of the circle from the object approaching the center.

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Difference between Contactor and Starter

What is a contactor, exactly?

Contactors are electrically operated switching devices that are used to make electrical connections. The basic operation is similar to that of a relay, with the exception that the contractors can bring a broad current up to 12500A to the relay. They can't defend against short circuits or overloads, but they can break the contract if the coil is excited.

What is a starter?

A starter is a mechanism that rotates an internal combustion engine so that it can start running on its own power. Electronic or hydraulic starters are available.

Difference between contactor and starter:

  • A contactor is an electrical switch that functions similarly to a relay, whereas a starter is a contactor with an overload relay.
  • A contractor does not have an overload coupled to it, while a starter has multiple overload options.
  • In comparison to a starter, which is usually rated by its current capacity and the horsepower of the motor with which it is compatible, a contactor is normally graded by its voltage capacity.
  • A contactor closes the contacts and supplies and interrupts power to the circuit by applying a voltage to a contactor coil. An overload relay is used by the starter to protect the motor from load surges by shutting it down to avoid overheating.
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Difference Between Soft Starter and Star-Delta Starter

What is a Soft starter?

The soft starter is a semiconductor-based motor starter that regulates the voltage supply to the motor with a thyristor. To minimize the inrush current that can harm the motor windings, the voltage is decreased at startup. When the motor reaches its rated speed, the voltage is progressively increased.

What is a star-delta starter?

A star-delta starter is the most commonly used method for the starting of a 3 phase induction motor. When the motor reaches about 80% of its full load speed, it will begin to run in a delta-connected stator winding. 

Difference between soft starter and star-delta starter:

  • Star delta starter only has two states, low voltage, and full voltage, that the starter jumps between, soft starter start-up gradually, they can have infinite states within the limits of the controlling electronics and your startup requirement.
  • The soft starter can handle varying load conditions, such as loaded and unloaded starts, while the star delta starter can not.
  • Soft starter allows you to control the starting time, while star-delta starters do not. The starting time for the star delta starter is about three to seven seconds, while the soft starter has an adjustable time of between one and around 60 seconds. 
  • Some soft starter also offers soft stop functionality, while the star delta starter does not.
  • Star delta starters are more complicated than a soft starter. It is also easier to install a soft starter.
  • With an extremely light load, Star delta able to reduce the starting current to a lower level than a soft starter could. 
  • Soft starters offer dynamic torque control, which allows you to adjust the torque to accommodate different motor and load characteristics with star delta starter, you can't adjust the starting torque. 
  • Star delta starter, between the star and delta connection, there is an open transition that can result in transients and high torque. During this transition, there is also a power outage. With a soft starter, there is no such open transition and no power loss. 
  • Soft starter cost more than a star-delta starter, although soft starters is more efficient. However, the cost difference between the two types of starter is less than what it once was.
  • Star delta starter can be used for low power machines starting load, medium power machines without load, low power fans, and low power centrifugal pumps, The soft starter, on the other hand, may be used with large motors with or without load, such as those used in compressors, fans, pumps, conveyors, agitators, mixers, mills, and other applications.

Difference Between DOL Starter and Soft Starter

DOL starter and soft starter are both two different types of motor starter. They are used for the safe starting and stopping of an induction motor. These two motor starters are vastly different from one another. So here this article gives the difference between soft starter and soft starter to better understand this topic.

What is a DOL starter? 

DOL stands for, direct online stater, it is a method of starting a three-phase induction motor. In DOL, an induction motor is wired directly into its three-phase supply, and the DQL starter supplies the motor terminals with the full line voltage.

What is a Soft starter?

The soft starter is a semiconductor-based motor starter that regulates the voltage supply to the motor with a thyristor. To minimise the inrush current that can harm the motor windings, the voltage is decreased at startup. When the motor reaches its rated speed, the voltage is progressively increased.

Difference between Direct online starter and soft starter:

  • DOL is a type of motor that supplies full voltage to the motor at startup, while the soft starter is a type of motor starter that reduces the voltage to the motor at startup.
  •  DOL does not reduce the starting inrush current, while the soft starter reduces the starting inrush current.
  • DOL is used for low-rated motors below 5 Hp, while the soft starter is used for heavy motors above 5 Hp.
  • DOL cannot prevent the mechanical jerks at startup, while soft starters are no mechanical jerks at starting and stopping of the motor.
  • Direct online starters offer high starting torque, while soft starters offer low to medium starting torque.
  • DOL has a very simple design, while the soft starter has a very complex design with logic circuitry.
  • The huge current draw causes voltages to dip in the circuit, while the soft starter does not cause any voltage dip in the line.
  • DOl is very cheaper, but the Soft starter is very expensive.
  • DOL is smaller in size, while the Soft starter is larger in size due to the complex circuit and large heat sinks required for thyristors.
  • DOL is no acceleration or deceleration control, while the SOft starter acceleration and deceleration can be programmed for starting and stopping a motor.
  • Dol starter has efficiency is less than a soft starter, while the soft starter has high efficiency.
  • DOl motor needs frequent maintenance, while the Soft starter needs less maintenance than the DOL starter.
  • DOL startup cycles are limited to a few times in a minute otherwise the winding would overheat, while the soft starter increases the startup cycles of the motor significantly.
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Advantages and disadvantages of auto transformer starter

An autotransformer is a laminated core transformer with just one winding. It is similar to a two-winding transformer but differs in the way the primary and secondary windings are interconnected, with a portion of the winding shared by both primary and secondary sides. So here this article gives the information about the advantages and disadvantages of autotransformer stater to better understand this topic. 

Advantages of autotransformer starter:

  • The autotransformer's most powerful ratio is between 65 and 80 percent.
  • The torque per ampere of supply current is maximum.
  • The current in the motor is greater than the current in the supply.
  • It is less expensive.
  • This approach works well for long start-up times.
  • Starting voltage can be adjusted by selecting the appropriate tap on the autotransformer.
  • The circuit benefits over starting with a regular autotransformer, which needs to be at some point completely disconnected during the start inducing high voltage impulses, which can damage the electrical insulation of the stator.
  • The inrush current is greatly reduced by the autotransformer starter.
  • It is used for large motors that cannot be started by connecting directly to the network. The star delta stater cannot be used for large motors, particularly if they are started with a significant load.
  • improved regulation
  • The inrush current is greatly reduced by the autotransformer starter.

Disadvantages of autotransformer starter:

  • The circuit is complex and involves a relatively expensive autotransformer
  • Due to the size of the autotransformer starter, a much larger control, the panel is required which increases the price.
  • If space is limited, it might not be possible to connect the korndorfer starter to an existing machine due to its physical size.
  • One of its major drawbacks is the frequency constraint of its operation. It is always necessary to know the operation frequency in order to select an autotransformer that is appropriately rated.
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