Difference Between Soft Starter and Star-Delta Starter

What is a Soft starter?

The soft starter is a semiconductor-based motor starter that regulates the voltage supply to the motor with a thyristor. To minimize the inrush current that can harm the motor windings, the voltage is decreased at startup. When the motor reaches its rated speed, the voltage is progressively increased.

What is a star-delta starter?

A star-delta starter is the most commonly used method for the starting of a 3 phase induction motor. When the motor reaches about 80% of its full load speed, it will begin to run in a delta-connected stator winding. 

Difference between soft starter and star-delta starter:

  • Star delta starter only has two states, low voltage, and full voltage, that the starter jumps between, soft starter start-up gradually, they can have infinite states within the limits of the controlling electronics and your startup requirement.
  • The soft starter can handle varying load conditions, such as loaded and unloaded starts, while the star delta starter can not.
  • Soft starter allows you to control the starting time, while star-delta starters do not. The starting time for the star delta starter is about three to seven seconds, while the soft starter has an adjustable time of between one and around 60 seconds. 
  • Some soft starter also offers soft stop functionality, while the star delta starter does not.
  • Star delta starters are more complicated than a soft starter. It is also easier to install a soft starter.
  • With an extremely light load, Star delta able to reduce the starting current to a lower level than a soft starter could. 
  • Soft starters offer dynamic torque control, which allows you to adjust the torque to accommodate different motor and load characteristics with star delta starter, you can't adjust the starting torque. 
  • Star delta starter, between the star and delta connection, there is an open transition that can result in transients and high torque. During this transition, there is also a power outage. With a soft starter, there is no such open transition and no power loss. 
  • Soft starter cost more than a star-delta starter, although soft starters is more efficient. However, the cost difference between the two types of starter is less than what it once was.
  • Star delta starter can be used for low power machines starting load, medium power machines without load, low power fans, and low power centrifugal pumps, The soft starter, on the other hand, may be used with large motors with or without load, such as those used in compressors, fans, pumps, conveyors, agitators, mixers, mills, and other applications.

Difference Between DOL Starter and Soft Starter

DOL starter and soft starter are both two different types of motor starter. They are used for the safe starting and stopping of an induction motor. These two motor starters are vastly different from one another. So here this article gives the difference between soft starter and soft starter to better understand this topic.

What is a DOL starter? 

DOL stands for, direct online stater, it is a method of starting a three-phase induction motor. In DOL, an induction motor is wired directly into its three-phase supply, and the DQL starter supplies the motor terminals with the full line voltage.

What is a Soft starter?

The soft starter is a semiconductor-based motor starter that regulates the voltage supply to the motor with a thyristor. To minimise the inrush current that can harm the motor windings, the voltage is decreased at startup. When the motor reaches its rated speed, the voltage is progressively increased.

Difference between Direct online starter and soft starter:

  • DOL is a type of motor that supplies full voltage to the motor at startup, while the soft starter is a type of motor starter that reduces the voltage to the motor at startup.
  •  DOL does not reduce the starting inrush current, while the soft starter reduces the starting inrush current.
  • DOL is used for low-rated motors below 5 Hp, while the soft starter is used for heavy motors above 5 Hp.
  • DOL cannot prevent the mechanical jerks at startup, while soft starters are no mechanical jerks at starting and stopping of the motor.
  • Direct online starters offer high starting torque, while soft starters offer low to medium starting torque.
  • DOL has a very simple design, while the soft starter has a very complex design with logic circuitry.
  • The huge current draw causes voltages to dip in the circuit, while the soft starter does not cause any voltage dip in the line.
  • DOl is very cheaper, but the Soft starter is very expensive.
  • DOL is smaller in size, while the Soft starter is larger in size due to the complex circuit and large heat sinks required for thyristors.
  • DOL is no acceleration or deceleration control, while the SOft starter acceleration and deceleration can be programmed for starting and stopping a motor.
  • Dol starter has efficiency is less than a soft starter, while the soft starter has high efficiency.
  • DOl motor needs frequent maintenance, while the Soft starter needs less maintenance than the DOL starter.
  • DOL startup cycles are limited to a few times in a minute otherwise the winding would overheat, while the soft starter increases the startup cycles of the motor significantly.
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Advantages and disadvantages of auto transformer starter

An autotransformer is a laminated core transformer with just one winding. It is similar to a two-winding transformer but differs in the way the primary and secondary windings are interconnected, with a portion of the winding shared by both primary and secondary sides. So here this article gives the information about the advantages and disadvantages of autotransformer stater to better understand this topic. 

Advantages of autotransformer starter:

  • The autotransformer's most powerful ratio is between 65 and 80 percent.
  • The torque per ampere of supply current is maximum.
  • The current in the motor is greater than the current in the supply.
  • It is less expensive.
  • This approach works well for long start-up times.
  • Starting voltage can be adjusted by selecting the appropriate tap on the autotransformer.
  • The circuit benefits over starting with a regular autotransformer, which needs to be at some point completely disconnected during the start inducing high voltage impulses, which can damage the electrical insulation of the stator.
  • The inrush current is greatly reduced by the autotransformer starter.
  • It is used for large motors that cannot be started by connecting directly to the network. The star delta stater cannot be used for large motors, particularly if they are started with a significant load.
  • improved regulation
  • The inrush current is greatly reduced by the autotransformer starter.

Disadvantages of autotransformer starter:

  • The circuit is complex and involves a relatively expensive autotransformer
  • Due to the size of the autotransformer starter, a much larger control, the panel is required which increases the price.
  • If space is limited, it might not be possible to connect the korndorfer starter to an existing machine due to its physical size.
  • One of its major drawbacks is the frequency constraint of its operation. It is always necessary to know the operation frequency in order to select an autotransformer that is appropriately rated.
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UPT full form

 What is the full form of UPT?

Answer:

  • Units Per Transaction

What does UPT mean?

UPT is a sales statistic commonly used in the retail industry to determine the total number of products purchased by consumers in a single transaction. The higher the UPT, the more things consumers buy each time they come in.

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  1. Full form of EEG 
  2. Full form of TMS
  3. Full form of ATM

Advantages and disadvantages of DOL starter

DOI stands for direct online stater is a method of starting a 3 phase induction motor. In DOL an induction motor is connected directly across its 3 phase supply and the DQL stater applies the full line voltage to motor terminals.

Advantages of DOL starter:

  • It is a simple and most economical starter
  • Easy to understand and troubleshoot
  • It is easy to operate
  • DOL starter connects the supply to the delta winding of the motor device
  • Provides nearly full starting torque at the starting
  • More comfortable to design, operate, and control
  • DOI is an inexpensive starter
  • The designing, operating, and controlling of this starter is very easy

Disadvantages of DOL starter:

  • Mechanically tough
  • Unnecessary high starting torque
  • DOL starter reduces the lifespan of the machine
  • High starting current
  • DOL start causes a significant dip in voltage, hence suitable only for small motors
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DOL full form

 What is the full form of DOL?

Answer:

  •  Direct Online Starter

What does DOL mean?

The direct online stater, or DOI, is a method of starting a three-phase induction motor. In DOL, an induction motor is wired directly through its three-phase supply, and the DQL stater supplies the motor terminals with the maximum line voltage.

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Relay vs Circuit Breaker: Key Differences, Working & Applications

Understand the distinction between a relay and a circuit breaker. Definition, use, power, capacity, voltage input, amplification, contact breaking, and arc prevention are some of the comparison criteria. So here this article gives information about the key difference between relay and circuit breaker to better understand this topic.

What is Relay?

Realy act as switches in a circuit involving small currents. The relay consists of electromagnets, which become energized when current flows around them. When the current becomes large enough, the electromagnet is able to pull one of the contact in a circuit towards itself, breaking the circuit.

What is a circuit breaker?

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. A circuit breaker consists of fixed and moving contacts known as electrodes.

Difference between the relay and circuit breaker:

  • The relay does not break the contact. It only senses the error and sends the signal to the circuit breaker whereas the circuit breaker breaks the circuit contacts
  • The relay is a switching and sensing device, while the circuit breaker is an isolating or disconnecting device.
  • Relay acts as an electrical amplifier for discrete signals, while the circuit breaker does not act as an amplifier.
  • The relay is used to control or select one among many circuits, while the circuit breaker is one per circuit.
  • The relay operates on low power input voltage, The circuit breaker is automatic on the load device
  • Relay can be directional and non-directional, while the circuit breaker is nondirectional only.
  • A relay is a switching device that gives a signal to the circuit breaker as soon as the fault occurs in the power system, while the circuit breaker breaks the circuit automatically when receives the signals from the relay.
  • A relay may be included in a circuit breaker, but a circuit breaker is not included in the relay
  • A relay won't be able to prevent the arc, there may be a mechanism to detect the formation of the arc and prevent it. 
  • Relay is controlling devices while the circuit breaker is switching devices.
  • Relay is a switch acting as a sensing device while the circuit breaker is used for disconnect and isolation of the circuit.
  • Relay can be diverted signal between two different electric circuits, whereas circuit breakers can only stop or flow the current in the circuit.
  • Relay can be used as an amplifier in case of discrete signals, it converts one signal to many amplify a low voltage signal into a high voltage signal and vice versa. The circuit breaker can't be used as an amplifier.
  • SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, EMR, SSR, electromechanical, REED, and hybrid relay are the example of Relay, while the MCB, VCB, SF6 are the example of the circuit breaker.
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Advantages and disadvantages of Contactor

Contactors are electrically controlled switching device which is used for switching electrically. The basic operation of this is similar to a relay but the only difference is the contractors can carry a large current to relay up to 12500A. They cannot provide short circuit or overload protection but can break the contact when the coil excited.

 Advantages of contactor:

  • It is a fast switching operation
  • It is simple in construction
  • It provides protection
  • Lower power consumption
    High load capacity
  • It is suitable for both AC and DC devices.
  • Fast switching

Disadvantages of Contactor:

  • In the absence of a magnetic field, the coil may burn
  • Aging of components causes corrosion of materials when exposed to moister
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Difference Between Relay and Contactor

Contactors and relay are two closely related terms leading to confusions and misinterpretations most of the time. Both of them are electrically operated switches used for control and switching of load. So here this article gives the difference between the relay and contractor to better understand this topic.

What is Relay?

Relay is a device by mean of which is one circuit are operated by a change in conditions in the same circuit or in one or more associated circuits.

What is Contactor?

A device for repeatedly establishing and interrupting an electric circuit under normal conditions.

 Difference between Relay and Contactor:

  • Relay is relatively smaller in size, while the contactor is larger when compared to relay.
  • Relay is used in circuits with lower ampacity, while the contactor is used in circuits with low and higher ampacity up to 12500A.
  • Relay are switching devices used in any control circuit for checking a condition or multiplying the number of contacts available, Contactors are switching devices used to control power flow to any load.
  • The relay consists of at least two NO/NC contacts, while the contactor consists of a minimum of one set of three-phase power contacts and in some cases, additional auxiliary contacts are also provided 
  • Relay is mainly used to control and automate circuits, protection circuits, and for switching small electronic circuits, while the contactor used in the switching motors, capacitors, lights, etc.
  • Relay does not have an arc suppression system built-in, while the contactor has arc chutes for suppression
  • Control relays are generally classified as carrying a load of 10A or less, while a contactor would be used for a load greater than 10A.
  • Relays are usually rated at only 250V, while the contactors are commonly rated for up to 1000V.
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Advantages and disadvantages of DAS

DAS stands for direct-attached storage, it is a dedicated storage device attached directly to a server or PC via a cable. ATS, SATA, eSATA, SCSI, SAS, and fiber channel are the main protocols used for DAS connections. So here this article gives the advantages and disadvantages of DAS to better understand this topic. 

Pros or Advantages of DAS:

  • It is high availability
  • Data security and fault tolerance
  • Storage capacity expansion
  • Faster for certain applications
  • Greater data security
  • High access rate due to storage area network absence
  • Elimination of network setup complications
  • Ease of management and administration

Cons or Disadvantages of DAS:

  • Data not accessible by diverse user groups
  • High administrative costs
  • Allows only one user at a time
  • Limited sharing
  • Mangaribly for IT managers
  • Improper capacity utilization

Difference between SAN and NAS

SAN and NAS are both network-based storage solutions. A SAN typically uses fiber channel connectivity, while the NAS typically ties into  the network through a standard ethernet connection. So here this article gives the information about the difference between SAN and NAS to better understand this topic.

Whst is NAS?

NAS stands for network attached storage. The data is identified by the file name as well as byte offset. In NAS, file system is managed by a head unit such as CPU and memory. 

What is SAN?

SAN stands for storage area network, it used for tranferring the data between the servers and the storage devices fiber channel and switches. SAN, data is identified by disk block. Protocol that are used in SAN is SCSI and SATA etc.

Difference between NAS and SAN:

  • It is file-level data in NAS, while the SAN is block-level data.
  • NAS is ethernet media, while the SAN is a fiber channel.
  • NAS is an I/O protocol, while the SAN is a SCSI protocol.
  • NAS appears to OS as a shared folder, SAN appears to OS as attached storage.
  • NAS is inexpensive, while the SAN is too much expensive.
  • In a NAS system, the data accessed as if it were a network-attached drive, while the SAN servers access data as if it were a local hard drive
  • NAS is dependent on the LAN, while the SAN is independent of the LAN.
  • NAS requires no architectural changes, while the SAN is required architectural changes.
  • NAS used in homes and small to medium-sized businesses, while the SAN often used professional and enterprise environments.
  • NAS is easier to manage, while the SAN is required more administration.
  • NAS uses SMB/CIFS, NFS, SFTP, and WebDAV, while the SAN uses fiber channel, ISCSI, And FCoE.
  • NAS is simply connected to your existing ethernet network, while the SAN requires a dedicated fiber channel connection for clients, servers, and storage and often a separate dedicated ethernet network for file request traffic.
  • NAS the entry-level system often have a single point of failure, while the fault-tolerant in SAN network and system with redundant functionality.
  • NAS is a central place from which to back up or sync user files, while the SAN a place from which to archive files not immediately needed.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of SAN

SAN stands for storage area network, it is a dedicated high-speed network particularly used for data storage. This network is built with servers, fiber optics, and storage devices. In this system, the storage device is not directly connected to the servers. So here this article gives the advantages and disadvantages of storage area networks to better understand this topic.

Advantages of Storage area network:

  • Simplified storage administration
  • Disk mirroring
  • Low cost of storage management
  • Instant and real-time information
  • Ability to boot itself and expand the storage capacity
  • Hundreds of terabytes of data can be stored using any number of storage devices.
  • SAN is not directly attached to any particular server or network, SAN can be shared by all

Disadvantages of storage area network:

  • If client computers need intensive data transfer then SAN is not the right choice. SAN is good for low data traffic
  • More expensive
  • It is very hard to maintain
  • As all client computers share the same set of storage devices so sensitive data can be leaked. It is preferable not to store confidential information on this network.
  • Poor implementation results in a performance bottleneck
  • It's difficult to keep a data backup in case of a system failure.
  • Not affordable for small business
  • Require a high-level technical person
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SAN full form

 What is the full form of SAN?

Answer:

  • Storage Area Network

What does SAN mean?

The Storage Area Network (SAN) is a specialized, high-speed network that offers storage access at the block level. Hosts, switches, storage components, and storage devices are usually connected using a variety of technologies, topologies, and protocols in a SAN.

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Full form of DAS

 What is the full form of DAS?

Answer:

  • Direct Attached Storage

What does DAS mean?

DAS refers to a digital storage device that is directly connected to a server or workstation without the use of a network. A DAS system consists of a data storage unit connected directly to a computer through a host bus adapter, which was once SCSI but is now more often eSATA, SAS, or fiber channel. The most significant distinction between DAS and NAS is that there is a difference between the machine and the DAS.

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  16. Full form of LVDT
  17. Full form of SSD
  18. Full form of HDD
  19. Full form of EIDE
  20. Full form of IDE
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Full form of NAS

 What is the full form of NAS?

Answer:

  • Network Attached Storage

What does NAS mean?

NAS stands for Network Attached Storage, and it is a file-level storage architecture that allows stored data more available to networked devices. Along with a storage area network and direct-attached storage, NAS is one of the three basic storage architectures. NAS provides a network with a single storage access point with built-in protection, management, and fault tolerance.

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  4. Full form of SATA
  5. Full form of ATA
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  7. Full form of CCFL
  8. Full form of DDWG
  9. Full form of DLP projector
  10. Full form of DVI
  11. Full of DMD
  12. Full form of CFL 
  13. Full form of LED
  14. Full form of DVP
  15. Full form of USB
  16. Full form of LVDT
  17. Full form of SSD
  18. Full form of HDD
  19. Full form of EIDE
  20. Full form of IDE
  21. Full form of  PATA

Advantages and disadvantages of NAS

NAS stands for network-attached storage, It has shared storage on a local area network. A network-attached storage (NAS) server is a storage device that consists of a high-performance file server that connects to a LAN. A NAS server is a specialized appliance designed to serve, store, serve, and retrieve files. So here this article gives the advantages and disadvantages of NAS to better understand this topic.

Advantages of NAS:

  • Relatively inexpensive
  • A self-contained solution
  • Ease of administration 
  • It is multi-protocol
  • A wide array of system and size to choose from
  • Drive failure tolerant storage volumes
  • Automatic backup to other devices and the cloud.
  • Easy to install and configure
  • 24/7 and remote data availability
  • More flexible than DAS
  • It requires some knowledge of computer network to use them efficiently
  • Universal client access
  • With NAS you will get the same speed of data transfer as DAS that is faster
  • The user who wants their data processed directly because will need to do it through installed OS
Disadvantages of NAS:
  • Performance depends on the protocol
  • Slow down for video application or multiple large files
  • It is file oriented
  • Increased LAN traffic
  • The file transfer speed is not as fast as DAS
  • Limited scalability
  • Additional Input-output processing
  • System available features depend upon the NAS chip and firmware
  • For using NAS device people should know some basic knowledge about computer networking
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Advantages and disadvantages of IP

Ip called internet protocol is a unique number codes that are computers connected to the internet to locate and communicate with one another, two main types of IP addresses are static, where the computer keeps a single Ip address, and dynamic, where the network assigns the computer a new address each time it connects to the network. So here this article gives the advantages and disadvantages of Internet protocol to better understand this topic.

Advantages of Internet Protocol:

  • It will improve your standing
  • It awards admittance to the site whenever
  • It gives admittance to the site whenever
  • It gives additional security
  • It allows you to secure your basic email streams devices
  • It adds an extra layer of protection against IP restrictions
  • It allows you to preview your website before publishing it
  • It enables you to make decisions quickly
  • Some third-party applications require it.
  • It gives you the option of choosing from a range of choices.

Disadvantages of Internet Protocol:

  • It possibly works in the event that you have to work
  • It expects you to do with your volume spikes
  • It comes at a greater expense
  • It prompts you to examine your volume history.
  • It is something that is hard to find
  • It doesn't function admirably for low volume circumstances
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Advantages and disadvantages of ipv6

IPV6 is a type of IP that routes traffic across the internet. It was mainly developed to resolve the address exhaustion issue face by the IPV4. The role of IPV6 is to deliver data packets from the source to its host destination. So here this article gives the advantages and disadvantages of IPV6 to better understand this topic

Advantages of IPV6:

  • More powerful internet
  • Address allocation is done by the device itself
  • Support for security using internet protocol security
  • Allow for easy aggregation of prefixes assigned to IP networks
  • Allows big data packets to be sent at the same time, saving bandwidth.

Disadvantages of IPV6:

  • Creating a smooth transition from IPV4 to IPV6
  • IPV6 is not available to machines that run IPV4
  • Time to convert over to IPV6
  • IPV4 is still widely used & the world is slow to convert to IPV6
  • Any costs incurred by the user as a result of having to replace an IPV4 machine
  • Switching from IPV4 to IPV6 is a slow and laborious process.
  • Understanding IPV6 submitting can be difficult on its own, let alone trying to remember/memorize your IPV6 address
  • IPV4 and IPV6 devices cannot communicate directly with each other, even in the most unusual of circumstances.
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Advantages and disadvantages of IPV4

The Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPV4) is the first version of the protocol (IP). In 1983, it was made available for development on the ARPANET. It is currently the most commonly used IP version. It is used in conjunction with an addressing scheme to classify devices on a network. IPV4 is the 32-bit address scheme which is allowing to storage of 2^32 addresses which is more than 4 billion addresses. So here this article gives the advantages and disadvantages of IPV4 to better understand this topic.

Advantages of IPV4:

  • IPV4 is necessary to encrypt data to ensure privacy. It takes security measures to encrypt data in its address packets.
  • IPV6 protocol can be easily supported by most of the topology drawings. 
  • Since addresses are combined more effectively the process of routing has become more efficient in IPV4.
  • Both devices can easily handle IPV4 routing, which is part of the IPV4 protocol. As a consequence, practically every major device will accept the IPV4 protocol.
  •  IPV4 does to great lengths to ensure that data packets arrive at their destination. This is because the transmission control protocol employs IPV4 variants.
  • IPV4's main aim is to connect various types of devices to one another.

Disadvantages of IPV4:

  • By defining the use of the internet, IPsec provides network protection to IPV4. However, the issue arises when IPSec is not built-in and its use is optional.
  • IPV4 needs either manual or automatic configuration. DHCP is difficult because its infrastructure needs different management.
  • Despite the fact that IPV4 has a mobility specification, it is considered inefficient. This is due to the fact that it operates on its own infrastructure. Its mobility nodes are also unsuccessful.
  • Individual IPV4 address prefixes are allocated to each router so that it can operate independently. Today's Internet uses both flat and hierarchical routers. On the internet, there are over 85000 roads.
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IPv4 vs IPv6: What’s the Difference? Full Comparison Guide

IPV4 and IPV6 are internet protocol versions 4 and 6. IP version 6 is the new version of IP, which is way better than IP version 4 in terms of complexity and efficiency. So here this article gives the difference between IPV4 and IPV6 to better understand this topic.

What is IPV4?

The Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPV4) is the first version of the protocol (IP). In 1983, it was made available for development on the ARPANET. It is currently the most commonly used IP version. It is used in conjunction with an addressing scheme to classify devices on a network. IPV4 is the 32-bit address scheme allowing to store 2^32 addresses which is more than 4 billion addresses.

What is IPV6?

IPV6 is the most current internet protocol version. It was started by the Internet engineer task force in early 1994. IPV6 is the name given to the design and production of that suite. It was created with the aim of resolving problems with the IPV4 version. It makes 340 undecillion unique address space with 128-bit address space. IPV6 is also known as IPNG.

Difference between IPV4 and IPV6:

  • IPV4 is a 32 bit IP address but the  IPV6 is a 128 bit IP address.
  • IPV4 is binary bits are separated by a dot while the IPV6 binary bits are separated by a colon.
  • IPV4 is a numeric addressing Method while IPV6 is an alphanumeric addressing method.
  • IPV4 offers 12 header fields whereas IPV6 offers 8 header fields.
  • IPV4 uses ARP to map to MAC address whereas IPV6 uses NDP to map to MAC address.
  • IPV4 supports VLSM whereas IPV6 doesn't support VLSM.
  • Security features are dependent on the application, while the IPSEC is an inbuilt security feature in the IPV6 protocol.
  • IPV4 has checksum fields while IPV6 doesn't have checksum fields.
  • IPV4 supports broadcast whereas IPV6 doesn't support broadcast.
  • IPV4 supports the manual and DHCP address configuration process, while IPV6 supports auto and renumbering address configuration.
  • IPV4 end-to-end connection integrity is unachievable, while the IPV6 end-to-end connection integrity is achievable.
  • IPV4 the fragmentation performed by sender and forwarding routers, while the IPV6 fragmentation performed only by the sender.
  • IPV4 has a header of 20-60 bytes, while IPV6 has a header of 40 bytes fixed.
  • IPV4 packet flow identification is not available, while the IPV6 packet flow identification is available and uses the flow label field in the header.
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