Infrared sensor advantages and disadvantages

The infrared sensor is a device which uses infrared waves to sense the characteristics of the surroundings. It is used to measure heat emitted by an object or human being. It can be also used for data communication for monitoring and control applications. Here this post gives information about the pros and cons of an infrared sensor to better understand this topic.

Advantages of infrared transmission:

  • They do not require contact with the object for detection.
  • It provides secure communication.
  • They are no leakage of data due to beam directionality IR radiation.
  • They are not affected by corrosion or oxidation.
  • It provides good stability over time.
  • It delivers high repeatability.
  • It has a response time faster than a thermocouple.
  • No corrosion or oxidation can be affected by the accuracy of the infrared sensor
  • They have very strong noise immunity.
  • Their low power requirement makes them suitable for most electronic devices such as laptops, telephones, and PDAs.
  • Infrared motion sensor detects motion in daytime and nighttime reliably.
  • This sensor does not require any contact with the product to be sensed. The infrared devices are more appropriate for targets which are closer than 10 mm.
  • They are capable of detecting motion in the presence or absence of light almost with the same reliability.
  • The battery-used infrared devices last for a long duration due to lower power consumption.
  • The infrared device can measure the distance to the soft object which may not easily be detected by ultrasound.
  • They are physically small in size and are more affordable.
  • It provides secured communication due to line of sight or points-to-point modes of communication.

Disadvantages of infrared sensor:

  • The required line of sight.
  • Limited range, support a shorter range.
  • Get blocked by common objects.
  • The transmission data rate is low.
  • Can be affected by environmental conditions such as rain, fog, dust, pollution, sunlight, smoke, etc.
  • Infrared waves at high power can damage the eyes.
  • In monitor and control applications, it can control only one device at a time. Moreover, it is difficult to control things that are not in LOS. It requires a line of sight between transmitter and receiver to communicate.

Difference between RTD and thermistor

As we know that the RTD and thermistor both are temperature measuring device. The major difference between the thermistor and RTD is that the RTD is made of metal while the thermistor is made that semiconductor material. Let us have a deep insight into the comparison between them and understand more about RTD and thermistor. 

Difference between RTD and thermistor :

  • The RTD is made of the metal a positive temperature coefficient whereas the thermistor is made of the semiconductor materials.
  • The RTD is less sensitive as compared to the thermistor.
  • The cost of the thermistor is much higher than RTD.
  • The size of the RTD is much larger as compared to the thermistor material.
  • The resistivity of the RTD is less as compared to the thermistor.
  • The thermistor gives a quick response to the small changes, whereas the response time of the RTD is low.
  • The characteristics are used for measuring the small range of the temperature up to 130 °C whereas the RTD measures the temperature up to 660 °C.
  • The hysteresis effect in the thermistor is much high as compared to the RTD device.
  • The characteristics graph between resistance and temperature of the RTD is linear whereas that of the thermistor it is nonlinear.
  • The RTD used in the industries for measuring the high temperature whereas the thermistor we used in home appliances for measuring the small temperature.
  • The accuracy of the RTD is low as compared to the thermistor.
  • The RTD is made of metals having a positive temperature coefficient whereas the thermistor is made of the semiconductor materials.
  • Thermistor has a much faster response time compared to RTDs.
  • RTDs have a greater temperature range compared to thermistors devices.

Conclusion:

Thermistor and RTD both are the temperature sensing device. A thermistor is used for measuring the temperature of small devices while RTDs is used for measuring the high temperature.

Advantages and disadvantages of full wave rectifier

As we know a full-wave rectifier, can convert an alternating voltage (AC) voltage into a pulsating direct current (DC) voltage using both half cycles of the applied AC voltage. When we have to use a full-wave rectifier uses two diodes of one conduct during a one-half cycle with other conduct during the other half cycle of the applied AC voltage.

If you want to learn some different you are in the right place to read so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding full-wave rectifiers. Let us have a deep insight into the pros and cons of a full-wave rectifier. 

Advantages of full-wave rectifier:

  • The ripple frequency is two times the input frequency.
  • Efficiency is higher.
  • The large DC power output.
  • Ripple factor is less.
  • The ripple voltage is low and the higher frequency in the case full-wave rectifier so a simple filtering circuit is required.
  • Higher output voltage.
  • Higher transformer utilization factor.
  • Utilizes both halves of the AC waveform.
  • Easier to provide smoothing as a result of using the ripple frequency.

Disadvantages of full-wave rectifier:

  • More complected than half-wave rectifier.
  • It requires more diodes, two for the centre tap rectifier and four for the bridge rectifier.
  • The PIV rating of the diode is higher.
  • Higher PIV diodes are larger in size and too much costlier.
  • The cost of the centre tap transformer is high.
  • The twice-frequency hum on an audio circuit may be more audible.
  • This rectifier is difficult to locate the centre tap on the secondary winding.
  • The DC output is small as using each of diode utilized only one-half of the transformer's secondary voltages.
  • When a small voltage is required to be rectified, the full-wave rectifier circuit is unsuitable.
Explore more information:

Advantages and disadvantages of bridge rectifier

With the availabilities of low cost, highly reliable and small-sized silicon didoes bridge rectifier is becoming more and more popular in comparison of center tap and half-wave rectifier. So if you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding full-wave rectifier. Let us have a deep insight into the pros and cons of a full-wave rectifier and also many more advantages over the center tap and other is to be half-wave a rectifier as listed below.

Advantages of bridge rectifier:

  • The need for the center-tapped transformer is eliminated.
  • It can be used in application floating output terminals, no output terminal is grounded
  • Transformer utilization factor, in case of the bridge rectifier, is higher than that of a center tap rectifier.
  • If stepping up or stepping down of the AC voltage is not needed, and it does not even require any transformer.
  • The PIV is one half that of center tap rectifier. Hence bridge rectifier is highly suited for high voltage applications.
  • The transformer is less costly as it is required to provide only half the voltage of an equivalent center-tapped transformer used in a full-wave rectifier.
  • Transformer utilization factor, in case of the bridge rectifier, is higher than that of a center tap rectifier.
  • For high voltage applications, bridge rectifier preferred, because it has high peak inverse voltage.

Advantages of bridge rectifier over a center tap transformer:

  • The size of the transformer used in a bridge rectifier is smaller than that in the center tap transformer.
  • The bridge rectifier utilizes the entire transformer during the entire cycle of a time period of the voltage/ current waveform, center tap uses only for 50% of the transformer.
  • A bridge rectifier may use a transformer or may not use a transformer. It depends on the necessity of stepping up or down of voltages.
  • The number of diodes used in a bridge rectifier is 4, while the number of diodes used in the center tap rectifier is only 2. 
  • The peak inverse voltage rating PIV of the didoes in the bridge rectifier is 1/2 of the PIV rating in case of center tap rectifier. That means that one needs high quality and costlier diodes for center tap rectifier. 

Disadvantages of bridge rectifier:

  • In this type, two extra diodes are used. So it requires four semiconducting didoes.
  • Two diodes in series conduct at a time on alternate half-cycles. This creates a problem when low DC voltages are required. This leads to poor voltage regulation.
  • Internal resistance voltage drop is twice than that of the center tap circuit.
  • If stepping up or stepping down of voltage is not needed, we may even do without a transformer.

Advantages and disadvantages of half wave rectifier

A rectifier is a nothing but a simple diode which converts the alternating current into direct current. A half-wave rectifier is one type of rectifier which converts the positive half cycle of the input signal into a direct current called output signal, So we have to very easily understand this topic about this definition but what is the use and what is the advantages of half-wave rectifier was not understand, so if you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding half-wave rectifier. Let us have a deep insight into the pros and cons of a half-wave rectifier. 

Advantages of half-wave rectifier:

  • Half wave rectifier is a simple circuit.
  • It has a low cost.
  • We can easy to use it.
  • We can easily construct.
  • It has a low number of component, therefore it is cheap.

Disadvantages of half-wave rectifier:

  • The transformer utilization factor is low.
  • They produce a low output voltage.
  • DC saturation of transformer core resulting in magnetizing current and also some hysteresis losses and generation of harmonics.
  • The power output and therefore rectification efficiency are quite low. This is due to the fact that power is delivered only during the one-half cycle of the input alternating voltage.
  • Ripple factor is high and elaborate filtering is, therefore required to give steady dc output.
  • They only allow a half cycle through per sinewave, and the other half cycle is wasted. This leads to power loss.
Explore more information:

Advantages and disadvantages of microstrip antenna

Microstrip antenna is one of the most popular types of printed antenna, it plays a very significant role in today's world of wireless communication technology. This antenna is very simple in construction using conventional fabrication techniques.

 So if you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding microstrip antenna. Let us have a deep insight into the benefits and disadvantages of a microstrip antenna.

Advantages of microstrip antenna:

  • Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large quantities.
  • Capable of dual and triple frequency operations.
  • Easily integrated with microwave integrated circuit.
  • This antenna has a smaller size and hence will provide small size and devices.
  • Low cost.
  • High performance
  • Light in weight and low volume.
  • Low mass.
  • Support both linear as well as circular polarization.
    They operate at microwave frequencies where the traditional antenna is not feasible to be designed.
  • Rectangular, triangular, square is the different shape of microstrip patches so easily etched.
  • As the path antennas are fed along the centerline to symmetry, it minimized excitation of other undesired modes.
  • Microstrip antenna is easy to integrate them with MICs and MMICs.
  • They are robust when mounted on a rigid surface of the devices.
  • Feedline and matching network can be simultaneous with the antenna structure.

Disadvantages of microstrip antenna:

  • It offers a lower gain.
  • Narrow bandwidth associated with a tolerance problem.
  • It excitation of surface waves.
  • Large ohmic losses in feed structure of arrays.
  • Most of the microstrip antenna radiates into half-space.
  • It has a lower power handling capability.
  • Low power handling capacity.
  • Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions.
  • It has a higher level of cross-polarization radiation.
  • It offers low efficiency due to dielectric losses as well as conductor losses.
  • It has inherently lower impedance bandwidth.
  • This type of structure radiates from feeds and other junction points.

Advantages and disadvantages of microwave communication

As we know that microwave frequencies are extremely high hence they offer extremely high bandwidth for communication channels. For example, a typical microwave communication channel can carry 4000 audio or 4  different video channels. Only optical communication channels have more bandwidth than these communications.

If you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding microwave communication. Let us have a deep insight into the pros and cons of microwave communication. 

Advantages of  Microwave communication :

  • It has a larger bandwidth and hence a large amount of information can be transmitted using it.
  • Microwave spectrum is divided into a different channel as per application.
  • Microwave technology helps to manage crowded spectrum with the use of highly selective receivers, modulation, spread spectrum techniques and, data compression, etc.
  • Microwave communication is used since earlier days as one of the lines of sight(LOS) communication in hilly remote areas where other means of wired communication not possible to be installed.

Disadvantages of microwave communication:

  • The main disadvantages are microwave communication is limited to line of sight mode only, other modes of communication are not possible.
  • At microwave frequencies, transmit time of current carrier, the electron is higher which takes large % of the actual signal. So, a conventional transistor does not function properly at microwave frequency compare to lower frequency.
  • This transmission does require no obstacle is present in the transmission path.
  • The cost of implementing the communication infrastructure is too much high.
  • Microwave is susceptible to rain, snow, and electromagnetic interference.
  • Lump component such as a resistor, inductor, and capacitors do not have the same characteristics at mucro wave frequencies as they have at lower frequencies hence it is difficult to implement these components at microwave frequencies.

Ultrasonic sensor advantages and disadvantages

An ultrasonic sensor is a sensor which measures the distance of the respective object by sending the sound wave of a specific frequency. This sound wave is reflected after the collision with the respective object and this wave is received by the ultrasonic receiver. Distance is measured by calculating sending and receiving time of this sound wave. Here this post gives information about the pros and cons of ultrasonic to better understand this topic.

Advantages of Ultrasonic sensor:

  • This sensor could have easily sensed the nature, shape and orientation of that specific object which is within the area of these sensors so sensing capability to sense all the material types.
  • These sensors have greater accuracy than another method for measuring the thickness and depth of the parallel surface.
  • This sensor easily interfaces with a microcontroller or any type of controller.
  • This sensor has high frequency, high sensitivity and high penetrating power, therefore, it can easily detect the external or deep object.
  • It can work in any adverse conditions.
  • Their sensor is easy to use, not dangerous during operation for nearby object person, equipment or material.
  • This sensor is not affected due to atmospheric dust, rain, and snow.
  • It provides a good reading in sensing large-sized objects with hard surfaces.
  • It has a higher sensing distance compare to inductive or capacitive proximity sensor types.

Disadvantages of Ultrasonic sensor:

  • It is very sensitive to variation in the temperature.
  • It has more difficulties in reading reflections from soft, curved and thin as well as a small object.
  • These sensors have a base detecting distance.
  • It required careful attention for an experienced technician.
  • Change in nature for example temperature, airborne particles, weight, air turbulence, influence ultrasonic reaction.
  • In this sensor, the main focuses of low thickness similar to froth and fabric have a tendency to assimilate sound vitality these materials may be hard to sense at long range.
  • When these sensors are interfaced with a microcontroller or any controller then experienced person or programmer is required.
  • When these sensors are used for inspection purpose then these could be water-resistive otherwise they could be damaged.
Explore more information:

Difference between GPRS and EDGE

GPRS stands for  General packet radio services, It is used to give higher data speed over GSM, GPRS is the just extension to the older GSM technology to gain faster speed. Multimedia messaging services is the just features of GPRS. It allowed subscribers to send pictures, videos, or sound clips to each other just like text messages.  GPRS offer higher bit rate by the usage of a packet linked technology over GSM. 

EDGE called an Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution, It also termed as Enhanced GPRS. EDGE technology that must use the same equipment as GSM with only a few minor modifications to provide faster speeds and is often regarded as a stepping stone towards 3G thus it is called 2.5G. EDGE is basically digital mobile phone technology but GPRS is mobile data services. 

Difference between GPRS and EDGE :

GPRS:

  • GPRS stands for General packet radio services.
  • GPRS is a mobile data service.
  • GMSK modulations must be used in GPRS.
  • The symbol rate of 270 ksym/s.
  • The modulation bit rate of 810 Kbps.
  • Radio data rate/ time slot 22.8 Kbps.
  • User data rate/ time slot 20 Kbps.
  • User data rate(8-time slots) is 160 Kbps
  • GPRS allows both 2G and 3G communication systems.

EDGE:

  • EDGE stands for Enhanced Data rate for GSM evolution.
  • EDGE is a digital mobile phone technology.
  • GMSK and 8-PSK modulation must be used for this technique.
  • The symbol rate of 270 ksym/s.
  • Modulation rate of 810 Kbps.
  • Radio data rate/time slot 69.2 Kbps.
  • User date rate/time slot 59.2 Kbps(MCS-9).
  • User data rate(8-time slots) is 473.6 Kbps.
  • EDGE allows existing TDMA and GSM  carriers to provide 3G services.
Explore more information:

UDP advantages and disadvantages

UDP stands for user datagram protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol in which data needed to send in chunks. UDP doesn't have error checking mechanism that is why it is less reliable but is faster in data transmission.

 If you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding UDP.

Advantages of UDP :

  • UDP does not need to require a connection to be established and maintained
  • UDP uses a small packet size with a small header. This fewer bytes in the overhead makes UDP protocol need for less time in processing the packet as well as needless memory
  • UDP uses checksum with all packets for error detection
  • UDP can be used in events where a single packet of data needs to be exchanged between the hosts
  • Broadcast and multicast transmission are available with UDP
  • UDP doesn't restrict you to a connection based communication model, so startup latency in distributed applications is much lower, as is operating system overhead fast
  • UDP makes it faster as it need not have to wait on ACK or need have to data in memory until they are ACKed
  • All flow control, ack, transaction logging, etc is up to user programs, a broken OS implementation is not going to get in your way. Additionally, you only need to implement and  also use the features you have to need
  • The reception of UDP packet get them unmanaged  including block boundary
  • You want the application to have detailed control over what is sent across the network, UDP changes it  to be little 
  • No connection state data in the end hosts hence a server can support more UDP client than TCP
  • UDP communication can be more efficient than a guaranteed delivery data stream

Disadvantages of UDP :

  • UDP is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. 
  • UDP has no windowing and no function to ensure data is received in the same order as it was transmitted
  • UDP does not use any error control. So UDP detects an error in the received packet. It silently drops it
  • The router can be careless with UDP. They do not retransmit a UDP datagram after the collision and will often discard UDP packets before TCP packets
  • There is no flow control and no acknowledgement for received data
  • Only the application layer deals with error recovery. Hence applications can simply turn to the user to send the message again
  • In UDP a large number of users, transmitting a lot of data via UDP can cause congestion and no one do anything about it, so no congestion control
  • UDP has no flow control, congestion control. Implementation is the duty of the user program
  • They are no guaranteed with UDP.  So a packet may not be delivered or delivered twice or delivered must be out of order; you get no indication of this unless the listening program at the other end decides to say something

NFC full form

What is the full form of NFC?

  • Near Field Communication

 What does NFC mean?

NFC is short-range high-frequency wireless communication technology and is a set of communication protocol that enables two electronic devices that enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 cm distances. NFC communication allows one and two-way communication between the endpoints, suitable for many applications.



Advantages and disadvantages of satellite communication

We all know that in today's world of totally depends on wireless communication technology, high definition television and global access to the internet, many people are unclear about the inherent advantages of satellite communications.

If you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding satellite communication.

Why does the satellite communication continue to grow? When is satellite is the best solution? here is some basic quick look at some key advantages of satellite communication.

Advantages of satellite communication :

  • Satellite communication services  being so portable and are very easy to install and  also have user-friendly as well
  • The satellite communication services are very helpful for the people staying in a remote area
  • The satellite communication services are very helpful for the department of defence where the people on the fields used the wired service every time
  • This service provides wider bandwidth based on SCPC or MCPC allocation types
  • It covers a wide area of the earth hence entire country or region can be covered with just one satellite
  • It is used for mobile as well as wireless communication applications find at  independent of location
  • It also co-exists with terrestrial microwave line of sight communication system 
  • It is easy to install and manage the cost per VSAT site
  • It does not incur much of costs per VSAT site
  • It has a small fading margin on the order of about 3 Db
  • It is easy to obtain service from one single provider and  also uniform service is  also available
  • It is used for voice, data and any other information transmission. Satellite services can be interfaced with internet infrastructure to obtain internet service. It is also used as a GPS application 
  • It is used a wide variety of applications which include weather forecasting, aircraft, radio/TV, connecting remote area, gathering intelligence in the military, navigation of ships, etc
  • LEO and MEO  both satellite types have lower propagation delay and lower losses compare to GEO satellite

Disadvantages of satellite communication :

  • The satellite has a life which is about 12-15 years. Due to this fact, another launch has to be planned before it becomes un-operational
  • Satellite manufacturing requires more time. Moreover, satellite design and development requires a higher cost
  • Satellite once launched require to be monitored and controlled on regular periods so that it remains in the orbit
  • The redundant component is used in the network design. This ensures more cost in the installation phase

Advantages of satellite communication over terrestrial communications :

  • Terrestrial communication is a point to point whereas satellite communication is a point to multipoint approach
  • Satellite is mainly wide-area broadcast media as transmitter antenna may be designed to provide signals to service areas as small as a city or as large as a country
  • The satellite costs are independent of distance whereas the terrestrial network costs time cost is proportional to the distance
  • Relatively fast installation. Once the satellite is in position, earth station can be installed and communication can be established in day or hours. But terrestrial circuits require time-consuming installations
  • Mobile communication is easy to achieve using satellite communication because of its broader coverage area and its flexibility in connecting mobile vehicles
  • Satellites have an average low operating cost. Manufacturing of satellites expensive but after that, it would operate typically for years 
  • The satellite itself is a single repeater. For terrestrial links, antennas are located at a specific height to overcome obstacles and also repeaters are to be used in between the links to compensate for path losses
  • Satellite systems can provide coverage to remote places where the terrestrial system fails.
  • In the case of LEO/MEO, a large number of satellites are needed to cover the radius of the earth. Moreover, visibility from the earth is very short duration which requires fast satellite to satellite handover. This makes the system very complex 
Explore more information:

FTP vs HTTP: What’s the Difference? Full Comparison Guide

HTTP and FTP are both basic file transfer protocols that are used to transfer data between the client and the server. The HTTP function is similar to the combined functioning of FTP and SMTP. FTP is a protocol that sorts the problem when communication between a client and server has a different configuration. Thus, HTTP and FTP both allow for secure file transmission across all communication. 

The basic point that distinguishes  HTTP and FTP is that HTTP, on request, provides a web page from a web server to a web browser; on the other hand, FTP is used to upload or download files between, basically, a client and a server. Let us look at the basic difference between FTP and HTTP, which are given below.

FTP:

  • FTP stands for file transfer protocol.
  • FTP is comparatively simple.
  • TCP ports no. 20 and 21.
  • RFC959, RFC756, and RFC1738.
  • Used to transfer files from a remote computer after the connection is established.
  • 2-way communication system where upload and download of files from the client to the server can occur.
  • FTP is slower than HTTP.
  • FTP is used to access and transfer files.
  • FTP can be accessed via the command line or a GUI.
  • FTP requires a username and password for authentication.
  • FTP is better suited for large files.
  • Web clients and servers became many complexes since they need to support many protocols, scripting languages, file types, etc. Complexity is also a security problem.
  • With FTP the user, see's the directory structure on the server.

HTTP :

  • HTTPS stands for hypertext transfer protocol.
  • TCP port no 80 and 8080.
  • RFC2616, RFC7230, and RFC7231.
  • HTTP is used to transfer web pages from a remote server after an internet connection is established.
  • 1-way communication system where content including pictures and texts can be transferred from server to client.
  • HTTP is faster than FTP protocol when downloading one big file. So HTTP can use parallel chunk download which makes it 6x times faster than FTP.
  • HTTP is used to view websites, The common HTTP client is the browser.
  • Most widely used HTTP does not require a username and password for authentication.
  • HTTP is better suited for transferring small files.
  • Through the use of hyperlinks, the directory structure on the server may be hidden to the user.

Difference between FTP and HTTP :

  • The basic difference between FTP and HTTP  is that HTTP is used to access different websites on the internet while FTP is used to transfer files from one host to another. Most people use HTTP while only a few people use FTP, mostly people who maintain websites.
  • HTTP is used to view websites while FTP is used to access and transfer files.
  • The common HTTP client is the browser while FTP can be accessed via the command line or a graphical client of its own.
  • Downloading files can be either via HTTP or FTP.
  • HTTP uses TCP port number 80 whereas FTP uses TCP port numbers 20 and 21.
  • HTTP establishes data connection only whereas the FTP establishes data as well as the control connection.
  • HTTP is efficient to transfer smaller files like web pages while FTP is efficient to transfer for large files.
  • In case you are using HTTP, HTTP appears in the URL of the websites and if you are using FTP, FTP appears in your URL.
  • HTTP does not require authentication while FTP uses the password for authentication
  • Web pages or data content transferred to the device using HTTP are not saved in the memory of that device whereas the data delivered to a device using FTP is saved in the memory of the device.
  • FTP is slowly being replaced by other protocols, and HTTP will remain for the foreseeable future.

Conclusion :

HTTP is older and is being replaced with new protocols whereas the HTTP will be there in the near future.

 Explore more information:
  1. wifi vs internet
  2. TCP vs UDP
  3. FTP vs SMTP
  4. TCP vs RTP
  5. Difference between TCP/IP and OSI model
  6. HTTP vs HTTPS
  7. HTTP vs WWW
  8. FTP vs TFTP
  9. FTP vs SFTP
  10. TCP vs RTP
  11. IMAP and POP3
  12. SMTP vs POP3
  13. SMTP vs IMAP
  14. MAC vs IP address

    Advantages and disadvantages of smartphones

    1. Nowadays we have to use a smartphone that has more technology in them than the spacecraft that we sent to the moon 50 years ago. Cellular concepts have helped us to create a significant improvement to communication and information access in almost every corner of the world. Here this page gives some informative information related to the smartphone.

    If you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding the Advantages and disadvantages of smartphones.

    Advantages of a smartphone:
    • They are multifunctional
    • They store large file
    • Quick to communicate 
    • Information stays protected and confidential
    • It is cheaper communication
    • Easy internet access in anywhere
    • Students can easily communicate easily around the campus
    • Important information can be sent through email by using reminders
    • People can communicate via facebook, twitter, etc instead of making a phone calls
    • Attract top students with leading-edge technology
    • Prepare students for the work environment access to real-world technology
    • Also, the smartphone has a GPS that can be used to locate new places. It's a good idea to have a GPS when travelling to you in unknown places to help you find the place you're looking for. The smartphone will help you navigate your tour.
    Disadvantages of smartphones:
    • Lack of connection in class
    • Students cant interact with each other
    • Smartphone are expensive
    • People become anti-social
    • The repair is expensive
    • Can be complicated
    • Oral communication decreases  in workplace
    • Chat room slow down productivity in day to day life
    • Less personal
    • The student becomes relaxed and lazy towards their school work so this then affects their school work
    • Smartphones are not durable especially when not it has taken good care of. Example: When they come into contact with water it can malfunction easily
    • Many applications which need to be the smartphone, need to be also mastered to avoid confusion when it operating it
    • The keyboard size of the smartphone is too awkward and therefore causes confusion 
    • A smartphone cannot be used to store a large amount of data due to their storage memory

    Explore more information:

    Difference between active and reactive power

    The main significant difference between the active and reactive power is that the active power is the actual power which is dissipated in the circuit, whereas the reactive power is the power which only flows between the source and loads only. Let us have a deep insight into the difference between active and reactive power in this article. 

    Definition of active power:

    The actual amount of power dissipated or perform the useful work in the circuit is called as the active power or true power. It is measured in watts, practically it must be measured in KW and MW IN power system.

    Definition of reactive power : 

    The average value of the second term in the above-derived expression is zero, so the power contributed by these terms is zero. The component which is proportional to VI sin is called the reactive power and it is defined as a Q. 

    Difference between Active & Reactive power : 

    • The active power is the real power consumes by the load, whereas the reactive power is useless power.
    • The active power is the real power and is measured in watts while the reactive power is measured in VAR.
    • The active power is the product of the voltage, current and the cosine of the angle between them, on the other hand, the reactive power is the product of voltage and current and the sine of the angle between them.
    • Active power is represented in the form of a capital letter of  'P' while reactive power represented in the form of Q.
    • The wattmeter measure the active power and VAR meter is used for measuring the apparent power.
    • The torque that develops in the motor the heat dissipated in the heater and the light that emit through the lamps all these produces because of the active power. The reactive power determines the power factor of the circuit.
    • Active power must be calculated in the form of P = V*I*COS∅ ,  while reactive power must be calculated in the form of  Q =  V*I*SIN∅.
    Explore more information:

    EMF Vs Voltage

    Both voltage and EMF describe the electrical potential difference but are different terms. The terms voltage has a common use and it is same as the electrical potential difference. But EMF is a specific term and also used to describe a voltage generated by a battery.

    The voltage found is very small compared to EMF and it is a result of the internal resistance of the source itself which is leading the drop in the voltage.

    If you want to learn some different you are the right place for reading so keep reading for a few minutes for the right information regarding voltage and EMF.

    Definition of EMF and voltage:

    EMF: The amount of energy supply by the source to each coulomb of charge.
    Voltage: Energy use by a unit charge to move from one point to another.

    Difference between EMF and voltage are given below.
    • The EMF is represented by E where the voltage is represented is V.
    • EMF is the voltage generated by a source like a battery or a generator.
    • EMF(E) = I(R+r), Voltage (V) = IR.
    • EMF is generated by the electrochemical cell, photodiodes, photodiodes, etc while the voltage is caused by the electric and magnetic field.
    • The EMF is the measure of energy supply to each coulomb of charge whereas the voltage is the energy use by one coulomb of charge to move from one point to another.
    • EMF is a measure between the endpoint of the source when no current flows through it while the voltage measured between any two points.
    • The EMF is measured between the endpoint of the source, when no current flow through it, whereas the voltage is measured between any two points of the closed circuit.
    • Voltages in a circuit voltage drop are in the possible direction of EMF and their sum is equal to EMF according to Kirchhoff's law.
    • EMF is measured by EMF meter while voltage is measured by a voltmeter.
    • EMF has constant intensity with greater magnitude while voltage is non-constant intensity lower than EMF.
    Summary:

    The EMF force of the source is equal to the work that some external source has to do to move the charging unit from one pole of the source to another but through the source. Voltage in the outer part of the circuitry is much equal to the work that needs be done by the electric force to move the charging unit from one pole of the source to the other but through the wire.

    Explore more information:

    PWM full form

    What is the full form of PWM?

    • Pulse Width Modulation

    What does PWM mean?

    PWM is a form of signal processing, it is a technique for getting an analog result with digital means. Digital modulations are controlled is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between on and off.
    Subscribe to: Comments (Atom)