Features of IC LM337

Description of IC LM337:

The LM337 PINOUT is adjustable 3 terminal negative voltage regulators capable of supplying in excess of -1.5 A over an output voltage range of -1.2 V to -37 V. They always require only two external resistors to set the output voltage and one output capacitor for frequency compensation. Here this post gives some basic features of IC LM337  to better understand this IC's.

Basic features of  IC LM337 are given below:

  • It is an adjustable 3 terminal negative voltage regulator.
  • Its output voltage can be set to range from -1.25V to 37V.
  • The operating junction temperature is 125 C.
  • Output voltage adjustable down to VRFF.
  • 0.01%/V typical line regulation.
  • 0.3%/V typical load regulation.
  • The current limit is constant with temperature.
  • Ripple rejection around 77 dB.
  • Standard 3 lead transistor packages.
  • 9.50 ppm/°C temperature coefficient.
  • Excellent thermal regulation around 0.002%/V.
  • Maximum output current when voltage difference 15V is -2.2A.
  • Differential input and the output voltage is 40V, recommended 15V.
  • The maximum output current is -1.5A.
  • Available into To-220, SOT223, TO263 package.
  • Thermal overloaded protection.
  • Internal short circuit current limiting protection.
  • Peak output current constant over the temperature range of regulator.
  • Direct replacement for industry standard LM337.
  • Output transistors safe area compensation.
  • Floating operations for high voltage applications.
  • Eliminates stocking many fixed voltages.

LM337 pinout | Introduction | Configuration | Application

Introduction to LM337 IC:


As we know that there are available in various forms of 555 timers, single logic gates, microcontroller, microprocessor, voltage regulator and op-amps like different ICs IC  LM741, LM324 IC, LM339 IC, LM358, LM338, LM337, and many more ICs are available. Here we have to learn or introduce about  IC LM337, it is an adjustable 3 terminal negative voltage regular capable of supplying in excess of 1.5A over an output voltage of -1.2V to -37V. The LM337  serves a wide variety of applications including local, on-card regulations. The LM337 is the equivalent counterpart of the LM317 positive voltage regular. The IC commonly used in adjustable lab voltage in combination with the LM317 IC. It can also be used as current as well as the negative voltage protection circuit.  Let us have a deep insight into the introduction, pinout configuration, features, packages, advantages, applications of LM337.

LM337 pin configuration:


Pin 1: Adjust - These pins adjust the output voltage.
Pin 2: Input voltage(Vin ) - The input voltage which hs to be regulated is given to this pin.
Pin 3: Output voltage(Vout) - The regulated output voltage set by the adjust pin can be obtained from this pin 

lm337 pinout


Features of LM337 pinout:

  • It is an adjustable 3 terminal negative voltage regulator.
  • Its output voltage can be set to range from -1.25V to 37V.
  • The operating junction temperature is 125 C.
  • output voltage adjustable down to VRFF.
  • 0.01%/V typical line regulation.
  • 0.3%/V typical load regulation.
  • The current limit is constant with temperature.
  • Ripple rejection around 77 dB.
  • Standard 3 lead transistor packages.
  • 9.50 ppm/°C temperature coefficient.
  • Excellent thermal regulation around 0.002%/V.
  • Maximum output current when voltage difference 15V is -2.2A.
  • Differential input and the output voltage is 40V, recommended 15V.
  • The maximum output current is -1.5A.
  • Available into To-220, SOT223, TO263 package.

LM337 voltage regulator descriptions:

The LM337 is the basically equivalent counterpart of the LM317 positive voltage regulator.  This IC is commonly used in adjustable lab voltage generators in combination with the LM317 IC. It can be also used in the current regulator. This IC is basically three PINs in which the input voltage supplied to Vin pin then using a pair of the register that we set a voltage at adjusting pin which will decide the output voltage of the IC that given out at Vout pin. The below circuit is shown for reference from the LM337 datasheet.


The output voltage thus obtained can be calculated using the below formula.

Vout  = -1.25 * (1 + (R2/R1))

The actual formula in the datasheet will also include current through the adjust a pin but for a simplification purpose, we have assumed Iadj to be 50uA constant which will slightly differ in the practical application. Also, note that the output current of the IC will not be 1.5A always if the difference voltage between the input and output voltage is high the output current will also decrease. 

Applications of  LM337:

  • Used for positive voltage regulations.
  • Variable power supply.
  • Current limiting circuits.
  • Used in motor control circuits.
  • Commonly used in desktop PC, DVDs, and other consumer products.
  • Reverse polarity circuits.

Conclusions :


Here this post gives the all about information of IC LM 337 like pinout, pin configurations, applications, advantages, features, and also real-life applications. We hope you all understand this topic. Furthermore, queries regarding your project please give your feedback by commenting in the comment sections.

Explore more information:


Difference Between LVDS and TTL

LVDS stands for low voltage differential signalling while in TTL stands for Transistor-transistor logic. Both of them are signalling types used as the most common data transmission. Conversion between TTL to LVDS and LVDS to TTL is possible though they have incompatible interfaces. Here this page gives the LVDS vs TTL also gives the main key difference between LVDS and TTL are listed below.

Difference between LVDS and TTL :

  • LVDS stands for low voltage differential signalling while in TTL stands for Transistor -transistor logic.
  • LVDS uses two wires voltage difference between the two which determines whether the data is zero or one while in TTL is uses the presence or absence of voltage with reference to the ground which determines binary 1 or 0.
  • LVDS can uses lower voltage levels than TTL.
  • LVDS is a lot more resistant to interference than the TTL logic device. So TTL support less resistance,
  • Power consumption is less in LVDS but in TTL power consumption is more.
  • LVDS support higher transmission distance, TTL support lower transmission distance.
  • LVDS does not use the ground as a reference signal while TTL uses the ground as a reference signal.
  • Devices that use LVDS can have uses longer wires than devices that use of TTL logic devices.
  • LVDS and TTL are not compatible but they can be converted.
  • TTL uses the ground as a reference while LVDS doesn't.
  • LVDS  support serial mode transmission, TTL mode uses parellel mode tramsmission.
  • LVDS uses twisted pairs that form tight EM field coupling. Hence differential voltage due to voltage spikes will remain the same and will not be affected during transmission due to o any EMI. These are the major benefits of LVDS. TTL based data transmission, a binary zero may become binary one when it reaches the receiver due to voltage spike. Thus it is the demerits of TTL over LVDS signalling.
We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. Furthermore, any quires regarding this concept or some electrical and electronics projects give your feedback in the comment section below. 

Difference Between SMS and IM

In today's digital world, people are using high-speed communications, getting instant information, Instant message to get there are two common ways of getting your messages across quickly vis using short message services and IM called as an instant message service. SMS has been around much longer than instant message apps like facebook, WhatsApp, skype, etc. The main difference between the SMS and IM is that in SMS you can leave a short message even if the person does not answer his phone while in IM is predominantly used in personal computers thus IMs utilize the internet for passing its message.  Here this page gave the basic comparison between SMS and IM to understand this topic clearly.

Difference between SMS and IM :

  • SMS  stands for short message service while IMs stand for Instant messages.
  • Both methods are popular for communication, both allow to message to send across to another person.
  • As we know that the SMS goes through the telephone company's network while an IM goes through the internet.
  • As in some cities will be decided on SMS that SMS is limited 160 characters while IM will not be decided character criteria.
  • There are many companies are available and they provide a different plan for SMS so they provide limited or unlimited access to the message but in IM are generally free, as long as you have a connection to the internet, IM is generally free, but as long as you have a connection to the internet.
  • In today's world, SMS costs money while IM is virtually free.
  • An SMS is typically limited by country, and some extra charge for pother country to send SMS while in IM is limited by software.
  • SMS will are so useful as well as also some drawbacks because unlike SMS there IMs need to the internet connection to the function, this is a drawback to their services but you can send an SMS anywhere, anytime to anyone without the internet connection. Also, the receiver need not be pre-install the app. IN all mobile companies provide the SMS feature but there some costs involved to send out the SMS if you don't have some special packages.

 Both the SMS and IM while different but have the use the same purpose. Both are used to provide a method for people to connect to each other via using SMS or IM. today digital world both teenagers as well as young adults some might even say misused. 

 We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. Furthermore, any quires regarding this concept or some electrical and electronics projects give your feedback in the comment section below. 

 Explore more information:
  1. What are the difference between SMS and BBM
  2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of GSM

Difference between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

The main difference between circuit switching and packet switching is that the circuit is connection-oriented whereas packet switching is that connectionless. Circuit switching and packet switching are two switching methods that are used to connect the multiple communicating devices with one another. Circuit switching was particularly designed for voice communication technology and also it was less suitable for data transmission path. Let us learn some more comparison between circuit switching and packet switching with the help of comparison are given below.

Difference between circuit switching and packet switching


  • In-circuit switching there are 3 phases: 1 is called connection establishment 2nd is data transfer and third is connection released while in packet switching directly data transfer takes place.
  • Circuit switching is connection-oriented while in packet switching is connectionless. 
  • In-circuit switching a single connection which also leads to a single path for establishing a connection between two points while in packet switching a packet is simply data that has been divided into some smaller units along with a header, for ease of transfer containing signal information. 
  • In-circuit switching each data unit knows the entire path address which is provided y the source while in packet switching in each data unit just know the final destination address intermediate path is decided by the routers.
  • A circuit needs to be established to make sure that the data transmission takes place while in packet switching each packet containing the information that needs to be processed goes through the dynamic route.
  • While we have to use circuit switch a uniform path is followed throughout the session while in packet switching there is no uniform path that is followed end to end through the session.
  • Circuit switching is most ideal for voice communication while also keeping the delay uniform but in packet switching mainly used for data transmission as the delay is not uniform.
  • In-circuit switching, without a connection it can't exist as the connection needs to be present on a physical layer, but the packet switching is not necessary, as it can exist without one too. It needs to be present on a network layer. So in Circuit switching is implemented by the physical layer while in packet switching is implemented by the network layer.
  • Packet switching is store and forward technique while in circuit switching is not store and forward technique
  • Circuit switching is more reliable but packet switching is less reliable.
  • In packet switching less wastage of resources as compared to circuit switching so in circuit switching wasted resources are more.
  • Congestion can occur during the connection is establishment time there might be a case will requesting for the channel is already occupied while in packet switching congestion can occur during the data transfer phase, a large number of packet comes in no time.
  • Circuit switching can be achieved using two technologies either the space division or time division switching while in packet switching has two approaches datagram approach and virtual circuit approach.

We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. Furthermore, any quires regarding this concept or some electrical and electronics projects give your feedback in the comment section below. 

Advantages and disadvantages of soft starter

A soft starter is a basically solid-state device and that protects AC electric motor from damage caused by sudden influxes of power by limiting the large initial inrush of current associated with motor startup. Soft starters are often the more economical choice for applications that require speed and as well as torque control only during motor startup. They are often the ideal solution for the applications where space is a concern, as they usually take up less space than variable frequency drives. This post is given information about the advantages and disadvantages of soft starter to better understand this topic. 

Benefits or advantages of the soft starter

  • It is a smooth acceleration of full speed
  • It is easy to operation,
  • It is an extended life of the motor and mechanical components.
  • It is suitable for all types of induction motors.
  • Enhancement of motor starting duty by reducing the temperature rise in a stator winding ad supply transformer.
  • Smooth starting by torque control for the gradual acceleration of the drive system. 
  • Reduction in starting current to achieve break away and hold back the current during acceleration to prevent mechanical, electrical of the electrical equipment such as motors, cables, transformer, and switchgear.
  • The microprocessor version of the soft starter has a software-controlled response at full speed which is economized energy, whatever it may be the load. 

Drawback or disadvantages of the soft starter 

Differences Between LED Bulbs and LED Fixtures

What are the LED bulbs?


 LED stands for light-emitting diode, this is a light source is similar to fluorescent, incandescent, and CFL lighting. The LED lamp is energy saving which is typically in the range of 25% to 85%, depending on which type of lamp that is replaced.

What are LED fixtures?


 LED fixtures are similar in design to traditional lighting fixtures.  They are specially designed to work with LED light bulbs,  whereas some traditional fixtures are incompatible with LEDs.

 The basic key difference between led BULB and LED fixtures are given below. 

Physical Design


The LED bulb looks similar to traditional fluorescent, incandescent, and CFL bulbs, they are a variety of sizes available mow days and it usually interchangeable with traditional light bulbs. The LED has much more common which is to say a fair number of businesses and a handful of households are using them. 

While LED fixtures come in a wide array of sizes, shapes, and styles. They are as varied as traditional lighting fixtures and it can be used both indoors and outdoors depending on the materials making up the fixtures. Fixtures may come with LED bulbs in place or the bulbs may need to be bought separately.

Average lifetime 


The average life span of an LED bulb is around 20000hours. This is significantly longer than the life span of traditional bulbs. The light bulb that has lit up our homes since the 1800s is officially on its way out. 

While in LED fixtures is should be last for many years. as long as it is kept safe from any weather or wear and tear it is not designed to withstand. 

Cost 


The cost of an LED bulb is typically more expensive than comparable to the incandescent bulbs. 

While in LED fixtures are much more expensive than simply buying replacement bulbs. It may be cost for installation and supporting hardware along with the expense of the fixture itself. 

Size


The LED bulb's size is to be small.

While in LED fixtures size must be varied, it may vary larger than bulbs.

Ease of installation


Most of the LED bulbs are interchangeable with some traditional light bulbs, so they can simply be swapped into an existing lamp or fixture. The LED bulb is also easy to uninstall and replaces as they only need to be unscrewed by hand from the connections. 

LED fixtures should be thought of as physical updates to a home or building. Unless the fixture is a standalone lamp, it will most likely need to be properly attached to a ceiling or wall using hardware and tools. When installing some new fixtures is much more complex than replacing an old light bulb with LED one but this method allows for greater design customization and lighting options. 
Related to this above post :

 Difference between LED and incandescent light bulb 

Difference between LED and incandescent light bulb

Definition of LED and Incandescent light bulb


What is an LED?

LED stand for light-emitting diode, LED light are not bulbs there is tiny semiconductor wrapped in plastic to protect the element and focus the light. 

What is the incandescent bulb?

The incandescent bulb is a classic light bulb. It produces light by heating a wire filament to a temperature that results in a generation of light. 

The basic key difference between LED and an incandescent light bulb is given below. 

LED Vs Incandescent 

LED called as the light-emitting diode, it is tiny light bulbs that emit light due to the movement of electrons within a semiconductor device that had a varying ability to conduct electrical current while in an incandescent light bulb is a source of light containing a thin strand of material called a filament within a vacuum filled glass bulb that uses electricity to heat the filament until it glows.

The efficiency of LED Vs Incandescent 

LED are energy-efficient light bulbs that consume 25 to 80 % less power than a traditional incandescent light bulb. LED emit very less heat, compared to the incandescent bulbs which in fact release almost 90 % of energy as heat. while on the other hand incandescent light bulb have been around for centuries and used as a common source of light and they are not efficient as LED, So the LED are the obviously the better alternative to power-hungry incandescent bulbs.

The life span of LED Vs Incandescent 

The incandescent light bulb is the least efficient with the shortest life expectancy of the common lighting types, including LEDs. The standard incandescent light bulb can last only 1000 to 2000 hours, depending on usage. But when compared to their LED counterparts life expectancy of an average LED bulb is quoted as 30000 to 50000hours which is almost 25 times incandescent bulbs so the LED bulbs cost a little more than incandescent bulbs.

Efficacy of LED Vs Incandescent 

LED is described in terms of efficacy which is the measure of lumens emitted per watt of electricity consumed. Incandescent light bulbs are the oldest type of lamp. An incandescent light bulb has efficiencies of 10 to 17 lumens per watt. A 100-watt incandescent lamp that emits 1200 lumens has an efficiency of 100, which is more than eight times higher than incandescent, so use very little electricity while emitting the same amount of light.

 Cost of LED Vs Incandescent
Incandescent light is much cheaper and also easier to produce than most other forms of lighting.  LED bulbs cost more initially but it saves in energy and replacement quickly makes it's a good investment.

 Related to this above post 
  1. Difference between the LED bulb and LED fixtures 
  2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of LED
  3. Difference between CFL bulb and LED bulb

Advantages and disadvantages of VFD

VFD stands for variable frequency drive, it can be used in the AC motors in a highly controlled way. VFD is a precise speed control so that the motor speeds can be a ramp up and ramp down. This article gives information about the pros and cons of variable frequency drive to better understand of this topic. 

Benefits or advantages of variable frequency drive:

  • It is better to process control.
  • VFD is of greater efficiency.
  • It is a smooth start and stops.
  • It is noise reduction.
  • It is reduced motor heating.
  • VFD has less cost.
  • It controls speed.
  • It reduced harmonics.
  • It increases the power factor.
  • It is a smooth acceleration and deceleration time.
  • It provides communication features.
  • FWD and reversion options also are provided.
  • Variable acceleration-deceleration options and many more depending on the application.

Drawback or disadvantages of variable frequency drive:

  • Some harmonics distortion.
  • Electromagnetic interference.
  • Inrush current.
  • Limited motor lead length.
  • Cable failures.
  • Motor bearing failures.
  • High voltage spikes.
  • Corona discharge.
  • It is a standing wave.
  • It is transients.
Explore more information:


We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. Furthermore, any quires regarding this concept or some electrical and electronics projects give your feedback in the comment section below. 

Difference between soft starter and VFD

Soft starter and variable frequency drive called VFD.  A soft starter is a regulator actually for motor statting and it just changing the output voltage. VFD is for AC motor speed control it is not only changing the output voltage but it will also change the frequency. VFD has all the features of soft starter but the price is much more expensive than the soft starter and its structure is much more complex. There are some basic differences between these two soft starters vs VFD.

What is a soft starter?


 As we know that, a soft starter is a device that starts motors with reduced power supplied at the start-up reducing the power reduces potentially damaging electrical and mechanical shocks on the system.

What is VFD?


Before we learn about VFD first let us understand what is the full form of VFD? 
VFD stands for variable frequency drive, It is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. A basic VFD system generally consists of an AC motor, it is a controller and an operator interface.

Difference between a soft starter and Variable frequency drive :

  • Soft starters are used to start and stop a motor smoothly, Variable frequency drives are used to start and stop and control a motor throughout its operation.
  • Soft starter most of the time bypassed as soon as the motor reaches its full speed, but in variable frequency, drives to control a motor throughout its operation.
  • A soft starter is not harmonics while in VFD is harmonics are injected to the mains, hence additional filters should be used.
  • Soft starter saves less energy throughout is life while VFD can save more energy throughout is life.
  • VFD is more expensive as compared to the soft starter.
  • VFD has more space needed as compared to the soft starter.

Where we have to use soft starters:
  • In an application where speed control is not essential.
  • In low and medium torque applications.
  • Reduce wear and tear during start and stop.
  • In an application where the initial cost is low.

Where we have to use a variable frequency drive:
  • Variable frequency drives are used in applications where complete control over the speed is essential.
  • In high torque applications.
  • Where the initial cost and size are no problem.

Advantages and disadvantages of ethernet

Ethernet cable is conceptually simple and easy to install, it supports quick transfer speeds and fairly affordable. Ethernet cable is difficult to troubleshoot and requires a lot of effort to reconfigurable once installed. Here this post gives information about benefits or advantages and drawbacks or disadvantages of ethernet to better understand this topic.

Benefits or advantages of ethernet

  • To form an ethernet, we do not need much. It is costless as compare to other systems of connecting computers.
  • It does not require any switches or hubs.
  • Mainatenance and administaiton are simple.
  • Ethernet is easy to maintain and troubleshoot the ethernet network.
  • All the nodes have the same privileges. It does not follow client-server architecture.
  • With the gigabit network, the user can transfer data with the speed of 1-10 Gbps.
  • The cable used to connect systems in ethernet is robust to noise and hence the quality of the connection is maintained without any degradation.
  • As it is robust to the noise, the quality of the data transfer does not degrade so the data transfer quality is good.

Drawbacks or disadvantages of ethernet

  • It offers a nondeterministic service.
  • It does not hold good for real-time applications as it requires deterministic service.
  • The ethernet network does not prioritize traffic in order to support an effective class of service. 
  • As it is designed to support real-time voice and video traffic initially it works best for traffic consisting of data solely.
  • The gigabit ethernet is still not in use at many places and hence will take time for the common man to have benefits of this ethernet version.
  • As the network cannot set priority for the packets, it is not suitable for the client-server architecture.
  • The 100 base - T4 version requires 4 pairs of wiring to support data transfer. Moreover, it can not support full-duplex data communication mode.
  • It provides connectionless communication over the network.
  • After receiving a packet the receiver will don't send any acknowledge message.
  • If you are using it for interactive applications, you have to require some dummy data to make the frame size 46B which is mandatory.
  • It is not suitable for traffic-intensive applications.
  • Ethernet is to be difficult to troubleshoot what cable or node is uses in the network causing an actual problem.
We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. Furthermore, any quires regarding this concept or some electrical and electronics projects give your feedback in the comment section below. 

 Explore more information:
  1. Advantages and disadvantages of a router
  2. Advantages and disadvantages of Hub
  3. Advantages and disadvantages of a repeater

Advantages and disadvantages of analog multimeter


Analog multimeter was the first of its type, but due to the latest technological development after the development of digital multimeter, nowadays it is of less use.  Here this post we are going to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of analog multimeter to better understand this topic.

Benefits or advantages of an analog multimeter


It is cheaper compared to digital meter 

When you have to start with some benefits of analog multimeter, we have to start first with the price. When you have to look at the digital multimeter you should always try to buy digital multimeter but make sure that the budget of digital multimeter and analog multimeter are not the same. An analog multimeter is cheaper than a digital multimeter and that's why people still use analog multimeters.

Response quickly to the measurement 

The response time of the analog multimeter is pretty and quick. Response time never is an issue. Although you have to read the parameters manually, you do not need to wait for the result to appear. There are lots of users are more comfortable with an analog multimeter.

No batteries are required 

This is one of the best advantages to compared to all, It is a good thing about in analog multimeter is that it does not require any battery, except when you have to need to measure resistance but digital multimeter work with batteries. 

Drawback or Disadvantages of an analog multimeter


Required manual reading parameter

Analog multimeter requires manual reading of parameters from the scale which is cumbersome, unlike digital multimeter.

Movement is slow

The pointer movement is too slow, can't be used to measure the voltage with frequencies higher than 50 Hz.

Inaccurate result 

The result is not accurate compared to a digital multimeter. The inaccurate results are caused due to three types of errors like improper counting on the scale, improper range setting, wrong setting on AC/DC.

Lack of advanced features

Analog multimeter works pretty well. However, unlike digital multimeter analog multimeters lack analytical power. That means analog multimeter does not have advanced features. The advance measurement such as frequency, impedance, waveform analysis, etc which are commonly measured by using a digital multimeter.

Size and cost 

Analog multimeter are bulky in size and they are costly.

Robustness

Analog multimeter uses a needle that is rotated by a magnetic field. It gets damaged if the meter gets dropped by mistake.

Explore more information:

 We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept. Furthermore, any quires regarding this concept or some electrical and electronics projects give your feedback in the comment section below. 

Difference between batten and conduit wiring

Definition of batten wiring and conduit wiring


What is Batten Wiring:


In this wiring system, a wooden batten system is must be used. All wire cable is installed on the smooth batten with a steel clip and steel clip are installed on the surface of batten to equal the wooden batten is installed on the wall of the width with the help of a 5-inch screw. The material must be used in CTS or TRS cable and the pin is to be used. the batten available size such as 15,
20,25,40  mm.

What is conduit wiring:


Conduit wiring is a wiring system where the cables are enclosed in some metal or plastic tubes. The conductors have insulation which is rated at the voltage required but it gives no mechanical protection.

Difference between batten wiring and conduit wiring:


Batten Wiring:


The material used in batten wiring:

  • CTS or TRS cable
  • Stright teak wooden batten
  • Brass pins
  • Tinned brass link clip


Conduit wiring:


The material used in conduit wiring:
  • VIR or PVC insulated cables
  • GI wire of 18SWG
  • Coupling
  • Screw
  • Rigid offset
  • elbow
  • Locknut
  • 2 hole strap
  • There are two types  1.is a metallic conduit and 2. nonmetallic conduit 
  • Class A type of conduit: thin layer steel sheet low gauge conduit
  • Class B type of conduit: a thick sheet of steel high gauge conduit
  • Non metallic conduit: 13, 16.2, 18.75,20,25,37,50 and 63 mm PVC conduit

Cost:


The cost of batten wiring is low as compared to conduit wiring, conduit wiring is very costly.

Life:


As compared to batten wiring, conduit wiring life is very long.

Addition OR alternation:


In batten wiring, the alternation is very easy while conduit wiring alternation is very difficult.


Procedure:


The procedure of conduit wiring:

This type of wiring is not easy to install. On the surface of the wall or ceiling conduit pipes are attached with the help of 2 holes strap and base clip at a rectangular certain distance. Next, GI wire is must be used to lay down the wires through the conduit pipe.

The procedure of batten wiring:

The group of single or double or three core cables is must be used to lay on the straight teak wooden batten. The cables are held with the help of a tinned brass link clip or uses of buckle clip. Brass pins are used to fix the buckle clips on the wooden batten. Buckle clip is basically fixed brass pin on the wooden batten at an interval 10 cm for horizontal runs and 15 cm for vertical runs.

Reliability:


The reliability of conduit wiring is very good as compared to batten wiring.

Field of applications:


Application of batten wiring: Office, commercial and residential building, etc.
Application of conduit wiring: Workshop, mainly for down, Public building, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of wooden casing and capping wiring

Wooden casing and capping wiring systems are suitable for low voltage domestic installation and here we are using VIR or PVC wires are used. This wiring is used for V-shaped grooves and usually two in number. These wires are laid in grooves and the casing is covered by a rectangular strip of the same width, that called capping and that was fitted by means of a screw. Capping and casing are made up of teak wood.


Advantages of the wooden casing and capping wiring:

  • It is a long life if properly done and varnished.
  • Good and neat appearance than cleat wiring.
  • It is easy to install and rewire.
  • There is no risk of electric shock because all cable is covered.
  • Easy to inspect by opening a capping.
  • The customization is possible in the casing capping
  • It provides good insulation as a conductor is a good distance apart.
  • Cheap is costly as compared to lead sheath wiring and conduit wiring.
  • There is no risk of mechanical shock.
  • Free from the trouble of condensation so advantages in tropical countries.

Disadvantages of the wooden casing and capping wiring:

  • Wood is inflammable and there is a high risk of fire.
  • Not suitable for wet areas.
  • The initial cost of the system is high, so this wiring is expensive.
  • It can be used at 220 V.
  • The humanity is directly affected on the casing capping
  • The fault-finding process is difficult.
  • Need to varnish for maintaining safe operations.
  • Costly repairing and need more materials.
  • It is nor suitable for acidic, humidity and alkalies conditions.
  • This type of wiring can be used only a surface cannot be consed of plaster.
Subscribe to: Comments (Atom)