FTP vs SMTP: What’s the Difference? Full Comparison Guide

FTP stands for file transfer protocol, It is used to send and retrieve the file to a remote location. While in SMTP is a protocol used for sending and receiving email, although, in most examples, it is only used for sending E-mail while the receiving is done by other protocols like POP and IMA. Here this article gives information about the difference between FTP and SMTP to better understand this topic.


SMTP:

  • SMTP is one of the most popular network services in electronic mail.
  • The TCP/IP protocol that supports electronic mail on the internet is called a simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP).
  • SMTP transfers the message from the sender mail server to the recipient mail servers using TCP connections. 
  • User-based on an E-mail address.
  • SMTP provides service for mail exchange between a user on the same or different computers.
FTP:
  • FTP is a standard mechanism provided by TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to another. 
  • There are two connections: data connection and control connection.
  • FTP differs from client-server applications because is establish two connection between hosts.
  • Data connection uses port 20 for the purpose and control connection use port 21 for purpose.
  • FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connection between client and server. 
  • In this protocol, one connection is used for data transfer and the other for control information.
  • It is transferred to data reliability and efficiency.

The basic difference between SMTP and FTP are listed below:

  • FTP stands for file transfer protocol, SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol.
  • FTP is used for the transfer files while the SMTP is used for E-mail
  • FTP is a stateful protocol, SMTP is a stateless protocol.
  • FTP can be used in the command line while SMTP cannot use the command line.
  • FTP uses TCP port number 20 and 21, while SMTP used port number 25.
  • FTP and SMTP are not really related to each other, so you cannot use one instead of each other. 
  • If you want to download the files, you should use the FTP, if you want to send an e-mail then you should use SMTP.
  • FTP is out of band, SMTP is a band. 
  • Both are connection-oriented services.
  • The data connection is non-persistent in FTP, while the SMTP is persistent in SMTP.

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Advantages and disadvantages of SMTP

SMTP stands for the simple mail transport protocol. SMTP is the application level protocol that handles message service over TCP/IP networks. It has proven itself to be a strong, useful e-mail protocol, However there is a recognized need for an extension to standards. Here this article give information about the advantages and disadvantages of SMTP to better understand this topic.

Advantages or benefits of SMTP:

  • All you have to do is use your credentials and it will work.
  • In case of failure, the message will include an explanation about why email failed to be delivered.
  • It is extremely easy to start using mail for your transactional emails. All you have to do is exchange ceremonial and you are set to go. Unlike with API, where coding is required. 

Disadvantages or drawback of SMTP:

  • Some firewalls can block port commonly used with SMTP.
  • Security matter for SMTP is worse.
  • Transmission of binary files using SMTP is not possible without converting it into text files. Use MIME to send mail in another format.
  • It is usefulness is limited by its simplicity.
  • It is limited to only 7 bit ASCII characters.
  • SMTP servers may reject all mail messages beyond some specific length.
  • Usually require more back and worth conversion between servers in order to deliver your message, Which can delay sending and also increase the chance of the message not being delivered.
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Advantages and disadvantages of OSI model

OSI stands for open system interconnection. The OSI model is logical and also a conceptual model that defines network communication used by the system open to interconnection and communication with some other systems.  The OSI model also defines a logical network and effectively describe computer packet transfer by using various layers of protocols. Here this post gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of the OSI model to better understand this topic

Advantages or benefits of the OSI model:


  • It helps you to ensure interoperable technology.
  • It helps you to standardize router, switch, motherboard, and other hardware.
  • It reduces complexity and standardizes interfaces.
  • It facilitates modulator engineering.
  • Help you to ensure interoperable technology.
  • Help you to accelerate evolution.
  • Troubleshooting is easier 
  • It offers flexibility to adapt to various types of protocols.
  • It is a standard model in computer networking.
  • Protocols can be replaced by new protocols when technology changes. 
  • It supports connection-oriented services as well as connectionless service.
  • It is a generic model, acts as a guidance tool to develop any network layer model.
  • Change is one layer that does not affect other layers, provided that the interface between the layers does not change drastically.
  • It flows layered architecture and it can change in one layer will not affect the other layer.
  • It distinctly separates interface, services, protocols, and its flexible in nature. The protocols used in every layer are replaced conveniently depending upon the nature of the work.

Disadvantages of the OSI model:


  • Fitting of the protocol is a tedious task.
  • You can only use it as a reference model.
  • In the OSI network layer, some service is duplicated in many layers such as the transport and data link layer.
  • The OSI model is very complex. The initial implementation was cumbersome, slow, and costly.
  • The standard of the OSI model is theoretical and does not offer adequate solutions for practical network implementation.
  • This model is purely a theoretical model and that does not consider the availability of appropriate technology. This restricts its practical implementation.
  • It doesn't define any specific protocol.
  • Ther OSI model did not the particle needs as well as the TCP/IP model. So it was labeled as inferior quality.
  • Though there are many layers, some of the layers like the session layer and presentation layer have very little uses some functionality when practically deployed.
  • There is a duplication of service in various layers. Service like addressing, flow control, and error control are offered by multiple layers.
  • In this model, the layers can't work in parallel as each layer need to wait to obtain data from the previous layer.
  • The launching timing of this model was totally inappropriate. When OSI appeared the TCP/IP protocols were already implemented. So many companies were initially reluctant to use it.
  • The session layer is used for session management. The presentation layer deals with user interaction. Though they are useful, and not as much as the other layers in the OSI model.
  • This model may find sometimes difficult to fit a new protocol in this model. This because this model was developed before the invention of any of these protocols.
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Advantages and disadvantages of TCP/IP

TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/Internet protocol. It is specially designed as a model to offer highly reliable and end to end byte stream over an unreliable internetwork. TCP/IP helps you to determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how you can transmit the data between them. It helps you create a virtual network when multiple computer networks are connected together. Here this article gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of TCP/IP to better understand this topic.

Advantages or benefit of TCP/IP:


  • It supports many routing protocols.
  • It operates independently of the operating system.
  • It helps you establish or set up a connection between different types of computers, PC, etc.
  • It can be operated independently.
  • It automatically breaks up data into a packet for you.
  • Support several routing protocols.
  • TCP/IP model has a high cable client-server architecture.
  • It enables the internetworking between the organization.
  • It is slower in functioning than UDP.
  • It is an industry-standard and open control protocol cable architecture.
  • It can be used to establish a connection between two computers.
  • It uses flow control, error control, and congestion control mechanisms.
  • TCP provides relatively better throughout when used on the modem or on LA.
  • Router read TCP packets and provide special treatment to them.
  • TCP/IP protocol is connection-oriented and uses sequence number which is unique to different packets. Hence it guarantees data delivery n ordered fashion without any duplication.
  • It is interoperable. It cross-platform communication along with heterogeneous networks.
  • It is a cable, client-server architecture. This allows networked to be added without disrupting the current service.
  • It is an open-source, free to use. Anyone can use it for communication.
  • It is assigned an IP address to each computer on the network, thus making each device to be identifiable over the network. It assigned each site a domain name. It provides address resolution services.
  • TCP/IP, since all the work is done by the operating system, so you just need to sit back and watch the show even the debugging is taken care of by your OS.

Disadvantages or Drawback of TCP/IP:


  • TCP/IP is a complicated model to set up and manage and to control.
  • The shallow/overhead of TCP/IP is higher than IPX.
  • Replacing protocol in TCP/IP is not easy.
  • It does not clearly separate the concept of service, interface, and protocols. So it is not suitable to describe new technologies in the new network.
  • In this model, the transport layer does not guarantee the delivery of packets.
  • It has no clear operations from its services, interfaces, and protocols.
  • It is not generic in nature, So it fails or loses to represent any protocol stack other than the TCP/IP suite.
  • It was originally designed and implemented for a wide area network. It is not optimized for small networks like LAN and PAN.
  • TCP can't be used for broadcast and multicast connections.
  • All the work is being done by your OS, so if there are bugs in your OS, then you will face many problems like problem in surfing and downloading from the net.
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Advantages and disadvantages of IIR filter

IIR filter is typically used in a system that uses digital signal processing. IIR filter includes the Butterworth, vessel, and Chebyshev filter. These filters are typically in audio applications such as the speakers and for sound processing functions. Here this article gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of the IIR filter to better understand this topic.

Advantages of IIR filter

  • IIR filter is better than the FIR in that, it can produce the same response using some fewer delay blocks. 
  • It is easy to implement.
  • It is easy to design.
  • This filter is useful only when some analog filter is bandlimited.
  • They are harder to implement using fixed-point arithmetic, such as noise generated by calculations and also limit cycles.
  • They are more susceptible to the problem of line finite length arithmetic.
  • An IIR filter has a lesser number of side lobes in the stopband than an FIR filter.
  • They don't offer the computational advantages of the FIR filter for the multi-rate application system.
  • Implementation of IIR filter involves fewer parameters, less memory requirement, and lower computational complexity.
Disadvantages of IIR filter
  • There are more susceptible to the problem of finite length arithmetic, Such as the noise is generated by calculations, and limit cycle. 
  • They are harder to implement using fixed-point arithmetic.
  • IIR filter becomes unstable.
  • Lower computational complexity.
  • Analog frequency and digital frequency are linearly related.
  • IIR filters usually have a non-linear response, while the FIR usually has a linear phase.
  • They don't offer the computational advantages of the FIR filter for multi-rate applications.
  • IIR filter has a feedback loop so they will accumulate rounding and noise error.
  • An IIR filter has a lesser number of side lobes in the stopband.
  • The realization of the IIR filter is not very easy as compared to FIR filters.
  • The implementation of an IIR filter involves fewer parameters needed.
  • Less memory requirement.
  • It is a recursive filter the number of the coefficient is very large and the memory requirement is also high.
  • It is hard to optimize than the FIR filter.

Full form of HDMI

What is the full form of HDMI?

Answer:

  • High Definition Multimedia Interface

What does HDMI mean?

HDMI is the first industry-supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio-video interface, which provides all-digital audio and video via a single cable. HDMI provides an interface between any audio and video source, such as a like a set-top box, DVD player, or A/V receiver and an audio-video monitor, any audio-video devices, Digital television over a single cable. The production of consumer HDMI began in late 2003, since then, several version of HDMI have been developed are released, all come with cable and connector. HDMI supports high definition video, and plus multi-channel digital audio on the use of a single cable.


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HDMI vs USB: What’s the Difference and Which Connection Is Better?

As we know, HDMI  and USB are the two most common key terms in the field of electrical and audio/video connections. Most of the time these terms confuse the newbie or those who just started learning the electronics sciences. So here, this article gives information about the difference between HDMI and USB to better understand this topic.
Definition of HDMI:

HDMI stands for High definition multimedia interface. HDMI is a simpler, more accurate way of transmitting data between components. HDMI is an alternative to other connections, such as a DVI or component video. This system consists of digital television that includes HDMI inputs and components with HDMI outputs.  An HDMI cable, which consists of 19 individual wires in a single cable, is used to connect the Two. The interface resembles a large USB connection, with the number of 19 pins or holes.

Definition of USB:

USB stands for Universal serial bus, This device is used in industry-standard that establishes specifications for cables and connectors. The protocols for connection, communications, supply,  and use of power supply between computers, laptops, some peripherals, and other computers.

The main key differences between HDMI and USB are listed below:

  • HDMI stands for a high-definition multimedia interface, while USB stands for a Universal serial bus.
  • HDMI provides an interface between any audio/video source, such as theboxes, DVD players, or A/V receivers we use daily, and an audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television, over a single cable. A USB provides a standard connection interface for personal computers and consumer electronics devices.
  • HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus multi-channel digital audio on a single cable, While the USB port allows USB devices to be connected to each other and transfer digital data over USB cables.
  • A Mini HDMI is used for audio and video, and a micro USB is generally used for being able to charge a cellphone, camera, or e-reader. A micro USB device is also used to transfer different types of data straight to your desktop, computer, or laptop via the USB connection on each gadget. While an HDMI cable is not used for data transfer at all.
  • Micro USB is much smaller and sturdier than standard USB cables, though, and was made for use on smartphones and smaller gadgets than standard USB cables were designed for.

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Advantages and disadvantages of HDMI

HDMI stands for a high definition multimedia interface, It is the interface between smartphones and displays. Smart devices include a laptop, smartphones, tablets, etc. Here I have to discuss the advantages or benefits and disadvantages or drawbacks of HDMI to better understand this topic.

 Benefit or Advantages of HDMI:


  • It offers loss transmission and better quality video.
  • HDMI interface cable can be used to carry both the signs;  audio and video signals also. Hence separate audio/video cable is no longer needed. 
  • It simplifies connectivity between devices with some fewer cables rather than multiple cables used earlier.
  • Texts are displayed with more sharpness on the screen.
  • It offers lossless transmission and better quality video.
  • It offers signal integrity and hence it is possible to transmit HD content without any degradation or alteration.
  • It offers 2-way communication with automatic configurations. Hence any external intervention to identify best resolution/audio formats can be avoided.
  • HDMI interface is available in many smart devices such as laptops, tablets, phones and hence they can be connected with large size TV to make it a bigger monitor for viewing programs.
  • It offers authentication and encryption of the data carried by cables.
  • HD signals are transmitted without any compression and hence there is no degradation in the quality of the signals.
  • HDMI system support 10 bit, 12 bit and 16-bit colour depths which can render over one billion colours in good details.
  • They can deliver deep color depths due to support of various bit formats, like e.g 10/12/16 bits.
  • HDMI supports multi-channel surround sound, 702p, 1080p, 1080i, PAL, NTSC, standard stereo, etc.
  • They enable the digital signal to be stored, transmitted and viewed without changes from the original and hence the signal degradation is not prominent. So it is better to transmit HD content.
  • HDMI enables lossless transmission and better quality video at low brightness scenes at higher resolutions. 
  • The complexity of implementing audio video control system is better.
  • It is backward compatible with DVI interface, DVI enables PC's can send HD content to display devices.
  • HDMI support Dolby/DTS-8 channel audio streams for the highest quality.
  • Display port is a parallel technology for audio/video interfaces like HDMI and HDMI devices are compatible with the display port interface.
  • The sink device can indicate its presence to a source with a hot plug detect signal to identify when a cable has been connected and to start authentication.

Drawback or Disadvantages of HDMI:

  • They are expensive compare to analog cables.
  • Multiple applications spread across multiple locations are difficult to run simultaneously.
  • Sometimes authentication delay can lead to ti blank screens.
  • In order to use for DVI interfacing, it requires separate audio cable, an HDMI-DVI adapter is also needed.
  • HDMI category-1 support a distance of about 35 meters whereas HDMI category 2 support distance of about 10 meters.
  • Sometimes blank screens can be caused due to authentication delay, they can also be screen flashing errors.
  • There is a limitation to field termination of HDMI cables, They cannot be easily terminated in the field like their analog counterpart. 
  • Both HDMI and EDID(Extended display identification data) specifications offer limited guidance in multiple location deployment scenarios.
  • The consumer electronic formate which enables the different devices to talk to each other becomes a problem when there is a central control system to control all the connected audio/video devices. It causes too much confusion when the devices themselves change their configuration as they might get undetected by the control of the overall systems.
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Difference Between Transducer and Inverse Transducer

One of the major differences between the transducer and the inverse transducer is that the transducer changes non-electrical quantity into the form of electrical quantity. While the inverse transducer changes the electrical quantity into a form of non-electrical quantity. Here this article give the information about the main key difference between a transducer and an inverse transducer to better understand this topic.

Definition of transducer:

The transducer is a type of device that converts the physical quantities like pressure brightness, displacement into an electrical quantity. The process of conversion of quantities is known as the transducer.

Definition of inverse transducer:

The inverse transducer is the transducer which converts the electrical quantity into a form of non-electrical quantity. In other words, the transducer is a kind of actuator that has an electrical input and the non-electrical output.

The main key difference between a transducer and an inverse transducer are listed below:


  • The input of the transducer is the nonelectric quantity, while the input of the inverse transducer is the electrical quantity.
  • The output of the transducer is always in the electrical quantity, but the output of the inverse transducer is always the non-electrical quantity.
  • The transducer transforms the non-electrical quantity into the for of electrical quantity, the inverse transducer changes the electrical quantity into the form of non-electrical quantities.
  • The photoconductive cell, thermocouple, pressure gauge are the example of the non-electrical quantities, the piezoelectrical transducer, current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is the example of the inverse transducer.
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Difference Between Connection-oriented and Connection-less Services

Connection-oriented service and Connection-less service both are used for the connection establishment between two or more than two devices. These types of services are offered by the network layer. Here this article gives information about the difference between Connection-oriented service and Connection-less service to better understand this topic.


Definition of  Connection-oriented service:

Connection-oriented service is similar to the telephone system, where parties use the handshake method to establish a connection between the sender and receiver. These services include connection establishment and connection termination.

Definition of Connection-less service:

Connectionless service is similar to a postal system where packets move from one party to another without establishing a connection first. These services do not include connection establishment and connection termination.

The main key difference between Connection-oriented service and Connection-less service are listed below:

  • In connection-oriented service, must be authentication is needed, while connectionless service does not need any authentication service.
  • Connection-oriented service is similar to the phone system, connection-less service is similar to the postal system.
  • There is a requirement for a prior connection for communication in connection-oriented services, while in connectionless services it is not needed.
  • The connection-oriented protocol makes a connection and it checks whether the message is received or not and sends the message again if some error occurs, while connectionless service protocol does not guarantee message delivery.
  • Traffic congestion is greater in connectionless services where it is occurrence is rare in connection-oriented service. uses circuit switching on the other hand packet switching us used in Connection-less service
  • Connection-oriented service
  • Connection-oriented service is appropriate for long and steady communication whereas connectionless service is fir for bursty transmission.
  • Connection-oriented services sender and receiver are synchronized with each other while is not a case of Connection-less service
  • Connection-oriented service is more reliable than connectionless service.
  • Connection-oriented service all packets follow the same path while the packets follow the random path to reach the destination in Connection-less service
  • The connection-oriented service interface is stream-based and connectionless is message based.
  • Bandwidth  is a requirement is higher in Connection-oriented service while it is low in Connection-less service
  • In connection-oriented services order of packet received at the destination is the same as sent from the source, while the order might change in connectionless services.
  • connection-oriented service is used in a long and study communication network, while the connection-less service is used to volatile networks.
  • No congestion in connection-oriented service, while the congestion is quite possible in connection-less service.

Difference between Bridge and Gateway

Bridge and gateway both are backbone devices of networking. The main key difference between a bridge and gateway is that, bridge is used only to transfer the frame to the expected destination, in the most efficient path. While the gateway converts the format of the packet in one protocol to the format of the packet in another protocol. Here this article gives information about the difference between bridge and router to better understand this topic.

Definition of the Bridge:

A bridge is used to regenerate the signal and it will find the most efficient path to transmit the frame. A bridge is always operating on the frame. Bridge operates on the physical layer and data link layer. The bridge can divide a large network into smaller segments and is also used to connect two originally separated LANs. The purpose of the bridge is to transmit the frame between two separate LANs. 

Definition of Gateway:

A gateway is used to increase the compatibility to establish communication between two networks using two different protocols. A gateway operates or works as a protocol converter.  A gateway operates on packets. The gateway can accept and transfer the packet across the network using a different protocol. A gateway is a software that will be installed within a router. It operates on all layers of the OSI model.

Difference between bridge and gateway are listed below:


  • Bridgework in the data link layer and physical layer, While the gateway work in at all OSI layer.
  • Bridge connects two different LANs, While gateway converts the protocol.
  • In bridge, data or information is in the form of a packet, Whereas in the gateway, data or information is also in the form of a packet.
  • Bridge connects two different LANs working on the same protocol. While the gateway will settle for and transfer the packets across networks employing a completely different protocol.
  • While the use, bridge format of the packet is not changed, While in the gateway, the format of the packet is changed.
  • A bridge always operates pm frames, and gateway operates on packets.
  • The bridge is always used to generate the signal and find the most efficient path to transmit the frame. A gateway is used to increases the compatibility to establish communication between two networks using two different protocols.
  • The bridge is not installed in router, While the gateway is installed in a router.
  • Bridge checks the destination address on the receiver frame and forwards the frame to the address it belongs, while the gateway allows two different networks using different protocols to communicate with each other.

Difference between VoIP and landline

Today's business environment looks a lot different than it did a few decades ago. The advances of communications technology enabled by the internet have introduced a variety of new ways for companies to do business and employees to get work done. Here this article gives the difference between VoIP and landline to better understand this topic. 


What is a landline?

When people use the landline, they are most often referring to a telephone that uses solid core, twisted-pair copper wire, and also uses plugs into two or four-pin wall jacks. Generally speaking, copper wire phone technology hasn't changed much since it was invented in the 19th century. 

What is VoIP?

VoIP stands for voice over internet protocol. This is a business communications technology that allows for making and receiving calls over the internet. VoIP protocol, phones do not use traditional twisted-pair copper wire. The phone is connected using the same broadband internet connection this plugs into a computer or router. 

The main key difference between VoIP and Landline are listed below:


  • In VoIP setup cost is low, Landline is high setup cost.
  • Running cost us low in VoIP, In the landline the running cost is high.
  • Need speed of 10 Kbps in VoIP while the landline speed needs 64Kbps.
  • VoIP transmits voice, video, and any form of multimedia just like you do on the internet, While landline no support for multimedia only voice.
  • VoIP is easy and inexpensive to scale as your business grows, While the landline is an additional phone set, wired phone lines need in order to scale.
  • In VoIP, a large number of features available at no additional cost, While the landline limited options for add-ons, most of which cost is extra.
  • In VoIP, the internet should be functional at all times but calls can be forwarded to a secondary device during a power outage, Landline is usable during a power outage.
  • Free VoIP to VoIP calls. Internation and mobile calls typically charged at a nominal rate, While in Landline no free PSTN to PSTN calls. All calls are charged. 

Difference Between Frame Relay and ATM

The difference between frame relay and ATM is lying in the speed of transmission, efficiency, and the main is accurate delivery of the packet, etcetera. The frame relay provides a speed of  1.544 Mbps or 44.736 Mbps. While the  ATM provides a speed of  51 Mbps or 155 Mbps. Here this article gives the information about difference between frame relay and ATM are listed below.


Definition of ATM:

ATM stands for Asynchronous Transmission mode. ATM is a switching technique developed by integrating the features of the telecommunication device and computer networks. ATM makes use of cells in order to transfer information of many service forms such as voice, data, and video. These cells are encoded by using asynchronous time-division multiplexing. These cells are nothing but the collection of fixed-size packets.

Definition of Frame relay:

The frame relay is a packet mode transmission service devised to handle the upgraded type of WAN(wide area network). X.25 was the earlier technology used in place of frame unnecessary increase in the rate of flow and the use for error control. These service uses either a permanent or switched virtual circuit to set the connection and for uses the enable the transfer of bit from source to the destination at a fair speed at an affordable cost. 

The main key difference between frame relay and ATM:


  • Frame relay has a variable packet size, With ATM has a fixed packet size.
  • Frame relay is the cost of frame relay is low, While the ATM is costlier than frame relay.
  • The throughput of frame relay is moderate, While the ATM throughput is high.
  • The reliability of frame relay is less, while ATM is a good reliable.
  • The packet transfer speed of the frame relay is too low, but the packet transfer speed of ATM is too high.
  • Frame relay does not support Quantifiable quality of support, ATM supports Quantifiable quality of support. 
  • In frame relay, the packet delay is more, While in ATM, the packet delay is low or less.
  • Frame relay does not provide flow control and error control, While the ATM provides both the error control and flow control.
  • Frame relay operates at layer 1 and layer 2 of OSI stack, ATM operates at layer (physical layer) and layer 2(data link layer).
  • Frame relay supports dynamic bandwidth allocation, While the ATM supports dynamic bandwidth allocation.
  • Frame relay and ATM both support MAN and WAN network type. 
  • Frame relay is a developed virtual circuit WAN. It assembles and disassembled packets from a different network, ATM is mainly developed for WAN, but high data rate supports have pioneered its use in LAN. 
  • Freme relay not suitable for LAN and CAN, while the ATM suitable for LAN and CAN.
  • Frame relay does not provide flow control or error control. These functions must be supported by upper layers, While the ATM data is segmented and packed in ATM cells. Each ATM calluses a 5-byte header and 48 bytes of payload carrying data information. An 8-bit error control field in the header part of the ATM cell is used for error control. It provides flow control at the user to a network interface.
  • Frame relay carries traffic in the form of data only, ATM can carry voice, video, image, and busty nature of traffic.

Full form of OSI in computer

What is the full form of OSI?

  • Open System Interconnection

What does OSI mean?

OSI is the reference model is a conceptual framework for understanding relationships. OSI is an ISO standard for worldwide communication that defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. The purpose of the main OSI reference model is to guide vendors and it is developers so the digital communication products and the software/application programs they create can for interoperate. OSI model has seven layers which are listed below.

  1. Physical layer
  2. Datalink layer
  3. Network layer
  4. Transport layer
  5. Session layer
  6. Presentation layer
  7. Application layer

Difference between TCP/IP and OSI model

TCP/IP and OSI models are the two most widely used networking models for communications. There are some similarities between them. One of the major differences is that OSI is a conceptual model which is not practically used for communication, whereas the TCP/IP is used for establishing a connection and communicating through the network.

 What is the TCP/IP model?

 TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/Internet protocol. It is specially designed as a model to offer highly reliable and end-to-end byte stream over unreliable internetwork. TCP/IP helps you to determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how you can transmit the data between them. It helps you create a virtual network when multiple computer networks are connected together.

 What is the OSI model?

 OSI stands for open system interconnection. The OSI model is logical and also a conceptual model that defines network communication used by the system open to interconnection and communication with some other systems.  The OSI model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transfer by using various layers of protocols.

The difference between TCP/IP and OSI models are listed below:

  • TCP/IP is a model based on standards protocol around which the internet has developed. It is a communication protocol, which allows the connection of hosts over a network. While the OSI model is a generic protocol-independent standard acting as a communication gateway between the network and the end user.
  • TCP/IP layer is developed by ARPANET( Advanced project agency network), While the OSI model is developed by ISO( international standard organization).
  • TCP/IP follows a horizontal approach, while the OSI model follows a vertical one.
  • TCP/IP model the transport layer does not guarantee delivery of the packet. Still, the TCP/IP model is more reliable. While the OSI model the transport layer guarantees the delivery of the packet.
  • TCP/IP has 4 layers, the OSI model has 7 layers.
  • TCP/IP is a client-server model When the client request for service it is provided by the server. Whereas OSI is a conceptual model.
  • In TCP/IP network layer is connectionless. The network layer is both connection-oriented and connectionless in the OSI model.
  • The transport layer is both connection-oriented and connectionless while using TCP/IP but in the OSI model the transport layer is only connection-oriented.
  • TCP/IP model does not fit any protocol, the OSI model has a problem of fitting the protocols into the model.
  • TCP/IP is tangible, Whereas OSI is not.
  • TCP/IP follows the top to bottom approach, whereas the OSI model follows a bottom, up approach.
  • TCP/I[ is a standard protocol used for every network including the internet whereas the OSI is not a protocol but a reference model used.
  • TCP/IP does not have a separate presentation layer or session layer, the OSI model has a separate presentation layer and session layer.
  • TCP/IP model is in a way implementation of the OSI model, the OSI model is a reference model around which the network is built. Generally, it is used as a guidance tool. 
  • TCP/IP does not have strict boundaries, the OSI model has strict boundaries.
  • TCP/IP  is a replacing protocol that is not easy, the OSI  model, and protocol are hidden and are easily replaced as the technology changes.
  • TCP/IP service, interface, and protocol are not clearly separated. It is also protocol dependent. While the OSI model defines services, interfaces, and protocols very clearly and makes a clear distinction between them. It is protocol independent.
  • The minimum header size of TCP/IP is 20 bytes, The minimum header size of the OSI model is 5 bytes.
  • TCP/IP is defined before the advent of the internet, and OSI is defined after the advent of the intern.
The following are some similarities between them:
  • Layers provide similar functionalities.
  • Both have layers of architecture.
  • Both are reference models.
  • Both are protocol stacks.
In this article, we have to discuss the difference between TCP/IP and OSI models. I hope by reading this article you have gained some basic information about this article. If you have any queries regarding this article or to implement an engineering project for electronics and communication, please feel free to comment on the below section.

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  1. Difference between TCP and UDP
  2. Difference between TCP and SCTP
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