Advantages and disadvantages of delta modulation

DM stands for delta modulation, It is used for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion techniques. It is used for the transmission of voice information where quality is not of primary importance modulation. Now here let us discuss the benefits or advantages and drawbacks and disadvantages of delta modulation to better understand this topic.

Related article: Pros and cons of Direct Stream Digital

Advantages of delta modulation:

  • The transmitter and receiver implementation is very simple for data modulation. There is no analog to digital converter was required in delta modulation (DM).
  • It is a cost-effective technique and can be used if financial problems there.
  • Delta modulation transmits only one bit for one sample, therefore the signaling rate and transmission channel bandwidth is quite small for the delta modulation as compared to the pulse code modulation.
  • It requires less quantization.
  • The amplitude of the speech signal does not exceed the maximum sinusoidal amplitude.
  • PCM has a sampling rate higher than the Nyquist rate, The encoded signal contains redundant information while in delta modulation can efficiently remove this redundancy.

Disadvantages of delta modulation:

  • Slope overload distortion.
  • Granular or idle noise.
  • High bit rate.
  • Its practical usage is limited.
  • Poor start-up response.
  • It requires a predictor and hence it is very complex.
  • Modulator overload when the slope of the signal is too high.
  • If changes in signal are less than the step size, then the modulator no longer follows the signal. Thus produces a train of alternating positive and negative pulses.

DM full form

What is the full form of DM?

Answer:

  • Delta Modulation

What does DM mean?

DM stands for delta modulation, It is used for analog to digital and digital to analog signal conversion techniques. DM has its roots in the differential pulse code modulation method. Delta modulation(DM) is a method to permit the use of a simple quantizing strategy for constructing the encoded signals which are over samples purposely to increase the correlation between adjacent samples of the signal and as seen in DPCM.

Explore more information:

Difference Between Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and Delta Modulation (DM)

What is PCM?

PCM stands for pulse code modulation, It is used for reworking an analog signal into a digital signal. PCM is a good or sensible signal-to-noise ratio. PCM wants to have high transmitter bandwidth. The PCM method is split into three elements, the initial stage is the transmission at the provision end, the second registration at the transmission path, and conjointly the receiving side of the end. 

What is DM?

While in DM stands for delta modulation, It is used for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion techniques. DM is employed to realize a high signal-to-noise ratio.  DM is smaller than PCM. 

Difference between delta modulation (DM) and pulse code modulation (PCM):

  • PCM stands for pulse code modulations while DM stands for delta modulations.
  • In PCM feedback does not exist in the transmitter or receiver while in delta modulation feedback existed in the transmitter.
  • PCM requires the highest transmitter bandwidth while DM requires the lowest transmitter bandwidth.
  • PCM is complex in terms of complexity of implementation, whereas DM is simple in terms of complexity of implementation.
  • In PCM per sample 4,8, or 16 bits are used while in DM only one's bit is used per sample.
  • PCM may be a technique wont to digitally represent sampled analog signals while in DM convert digital to analog and analog to digital converter.
  • PCM is costly, and DM is cheap.
  • PCM has a good signal-to-noise ratio while in DM has a poor signal-to-noise ratio.
  • PCM is mostly used in video telephony and audio telephony, and DM is mostly used in speeches as well as images.
  • PCM signals are required to encoder and decoder both sides while DM signals can modulate and demodulates.
  • In PCM Quantization error depends on the number of levels, while in DM slope overload distortion is present.

Differences between Low Pass Filter and High Pass Filter

What is a low pass filter?

The lowpass filter is one type of frequency-domain filter that is used for smoothing the image and also it attenuated the high-frequency components and preserve the low-frequency components 

What is a high pass filter?

As we know that the high pass filter is the one type of frequency-domain filter that is used for sharpening the image and it also attenuates the low-frequency components and preserves the high-frequency components.

Here this article gives the difference between low pass filter and high pass filter to better understand this topic.

The main key difference between low pass filter and high pass filter are listed below:

  • A low pass filter is used for smoothing the image while in high pass filter is used for sharpening the image.
  • Low pass filter attenuates the high frequency while in high pass filter is attenuate the low frequency.
  • Low pass filter allows the frequency below the cut off frequency to pass through it but in high pass filter allows the frequencies above the cut-off frequency to pass through it.
  • In the Low pass filter, the low frequency is preserved in it but in high pass filter, high frequency is preserved in it.
  • A low pass filter consists of a resistor that is followed by a capacitor while in high pass filter consists of a capacitor that is followed by a resistor.
  • Low pass filter helps in removal of aliasing effect, High pass filter helps In the removal of noise.
Explore more information:

Full form of STP

What is the full form of STP?

  • Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

What does STP mean?

STP cable is one special type of copper telephone wiring which is used in some business installations. An outer covering or shield cable is added to the ordinary twisted-pair telephone wires and the shield functions are used as a ground. The more common kind of cable that is installed to your home is unshielded twisted pair.

As we know that the STP cable is similar to the unshielded twisted pair cable. STP cables are costlier compared to the UTP but have the advantages of being capable of supporting higher transmission rates across longer distances.

Advantages and disadvantages of high pass filter

A high pass filter is also called as HPF, it allows for easy passage of high-frequency signals from source to load, and difficult passage of low-frequency signals. Here now we have to discuss the advantage and disadvantages of high pass filters to better understand this topic.

Benefits or Advantages of high pass filter:

  • They are used in an audio processing system that filters unwanted noise.
  • They are used in various applications such as a broadcast receiver to select desired channel frequency.
  • When the use of a Butterworth filter has the magnitude response is zero at the geometric center of the passband. It has a simple transfer function where the coefficients of the polynomials are easy to calculate.

Drawback or Disadvantages of high pass filter:

  • They filter out od the DC offset of the signal.
  • If the component value is not selected correctly then we end up filtering the frequency which we actually need.
  • When using a filter if we don't select correct components then we get unwanted ripples in the passband or the stopband or unwanted phase shifts in certain frequencies.
Explore more information:

Advantage of STP over UTP Cable

Shielded twisted pair cable (STP) can reduce crosstalk with proper installation and maintenance. STP cables can resist signals from passing through the route coating and entering nearby wires by accident because of the special cable constructive.  Here this post gives information about what are the advantages of STP over UTP to better understand this topic.

Benefits or Advantages of twisted pair cable:

  • It is the least expensive medium of transmission for short distances.
  • It is relatively easy to implement and terminate.
  • It can be used to carry both pf the data analog and digital data.
  • It turn are less likely to cause interference themselves.
  • It is flexible and lightweight.
  • It is easy to set up and install.
  • Less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby equipment or uses of wires.
  • If the portion of twisted pair cable is damaged it does not affect the entire network.

Drawback or disadvantages of twisted pair cable:

  • Attenuation is very high.
  • It offers poor noise immunity as the result signal distortion is too much more.
  • STP called shielded twisted pair cable is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.
  • Being this cable is thin in size and they are likely to break easily.
  • Some transmission is limit.
  • Susceptible to noise and interference.
  • It supports lower bandwidth as compared to other media. It supports 10 Mbps up to a distance of 100 meters on a 10 base-T.
  • It supports lower bandwidth as compared to other media.
What are the Benefits of STP over UTP?

STP stands for shielded twisted pair cable. It is one type of twisted pair cable. It is basically similar to the UTP. It is similar to  UTP in which the wire pair are twisted around each other. Here this post gives the advantages and disadvantages of shielded twisted pair cable (STP) are listed below.

Advantages of shielded twisted pair cable (STP):

  • Shielding reduces the chance of crosstalk and provides protection from interference.
  • The advantages of STP over UTP is that it offers greater protection from cross talk due to shielding.
  • It offers better electrical characteristics than unshielded cables.
  • It can be easily terminated with a modular connector.
But one of the disadvantages of STP is that this cable is heavier and costlier than UTP and require proper grounding at both the ends.

Advantages and disadvantages of twisted pair cable

As we know that a twisted pair cable is one type of wiring in which they are two-conductor of a single circuit which are twisted together for the purpose of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Here this article gives the information about  Benefits or Advantages and Drawbacks or disadvantages of twisted pair cable to better understand this topic.

Benefits or Advantages of twisted pair cable:

  • It is the least expensive medium of transmission for short distances.
  • It is relatively easy to implement and terminate.
  • It can be used to carry both pf the data analog and digital data.
  • I turn are less likely to cause interference themselves.
  • It is flexible and lightweight.
  • It is easy to set up and install.
  • Less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby equipment or uses of wires.
  • If the portion of twisted pair cable is damaged it does not affect the entire network.

Drawback or disadvantages of twisted pair cable:

  • Attenuation is very high.
  • It offers poor noise immunity as the result signal distortion is too much more.
  • STP called shielded twisted pair cable is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.
  • Being this cable is thin in size, they are likely to break easily.
  • Some transmission is limit.
  • Susceptible to noise and interference.
  • It supports lower bandwidth as compared to other media. It supports 10 Mbps up to a distance of 100 meters on a 10 base-T.
  • It supports lower bandwidth as compared to other media.

Advantages and disadvantages of unshielded twisted pair cable

UTP stands for unshielded twisted pair cable, it is different from shielded twisted pair cable. This cable consists of 100-ohm copper cable that consists of 2 to 1800 or more unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. They have no metallic shield. This makes the cable small in diameter but it is unprotected against electrical interference. Now discuss the benefits or advantages of UTP and the Drawbacks or disadvantages of UTP to better understand this topic.

Benefits or advantages of UTP:

  • It is designed to counter EMI, RFI, and also crosstalk.
  • It is easy to handle.
  • These cables are used in most of the networking architecture.
  • It is flexible which further makes installation easier.
  • It is less expensive and less costly compared to other networking media types.
  • It is the most compatible cabling that can be used with most other major networking systems and does not require grounding.
  • It is heapest from the cable available for networking purposes.
  • It is smaller in size, Hence installation is easier as it does not fill up wiring ducts.

Drawbacks or disadvantages of UTP:

  • It can be used up to a cable segment length of about 100 meters only.
  • UTP cable should follow specifications for several twists or braids permitted per meter of cable to reduce crosstalk.
  • Bandwidth is limited.
  • Unable to provide secure transmission of data.
  • It is highly prone to external interference like EMI and RFI.
  • Susceptible to noise.
  • The distance between the signal boosts is shorter with UTP cable than for coaxial and other fiber optic cables and shielded twisted pair cable, making it less able to carry the signal for the long-distance network.
  • It is more susceptible to interference compared to most of the other cable types. 
Explore more information:

Advantages and disadvantages of shielded twisted pair cable

STP stands for shielded twisted pair cable. It is one type of twisted pair cable. It is basically similar to the UTP. It is similar to  UTP in which the wire pair are twisted around each other. Here this post gives the advantages and disadvantages of shielded twisted pair cable (STP) are listed below.

Advantages of shielded twisted pair cable (STP):

  • Shielding reduces the chance of crosstalk and provides protection from interference.
  • It offers better electrical characteristics than unshielded cables.
  • It can be easily terminated with a modular connector.

Disadvantages of shielded twisted pair cable (STP):

  • It has a higher cost per foot of wire.
  • Shield of STP cables must be grounded properly otherwise it acts as an antenna and picks up unwanted signals.
  • More expensive than UTP.
  • Difficult to and maintain.
  • Much thicker diameter and not as flexible.
  • It has a high attenuation rate.
  • While we are using this cable, there is no improvement in segment length despite its thick and heavier construction.
  • Shielding is increased the overall diameter and the weight of the cable. Hence it is more difficult to install compared to UTP cables. The larger thickness makes them unfit for narrow cable ducts.
Explore more information:

Coaxial cable advantage

Coaxial cable is an older wiring technology that is usually implemented with a bus topology.  Coaxial cable is the most common basic transmission line. They are used to transmit electrical energy or signal from one location to another. to connect the source to load such a transmitter to an antenna. Now let us discuss the benefits or advantages and disadvantages or demerits of coaxial cable to better understand this topic.

Advantages of coaxial cable
  • The cost of a coaxial cable is less.
  • Highly resistant to physical damage.
  • Highly resistant to EMI.
  • Great channel capacity.
  • The transmission rate is high.
  • It is small in diameter.
  • It is less susceptible to noise interference compared to twisted pair.
  • It allows a high transfer rate with coaxial cable having better shielding materials.
  • It is easy to wire and easy to expand to flexibility.
  • It supports high bandwidth signal transmission compared to twisted pair.
  • Noise immunity due to a low error rate.
  • It requires fewer repeaters than a twisted pair.
  • It has been used for many years for many types of data communication, including cable television.
  • It is used for high-frequency applications So it will increase the tensile strength of the cable and reduce weight.
  • The outer conductor in coaxial cable is used to improve and increase attenuation and shield effectiveness. 

Disadvantages of coaxial cable:

  • It is expensive to install.
  • Cost maintenance is also high.
  • Inflexible construction.
  • Unsupported by newer networking standards.
  • It is bulky.
  • It has a more security problem.
  • It does not support high-speed transmission.
  • It must be grounded to prevent interference.
  • In case of failure in one cable, the entire network will be down by using this wire.
  • Security is a great concern as it is easy to use to tap the coaxial cable by breaking it and inserting T- a joint in between.
  • Its baseband transmission does not allow for integrated video and voice.
  • Need more room in wiring ducts than twisted pair.
Explore more information:


Difference Between SMS and BBM

SMS is the most commonly used messaging service. SMS stands for short messaging service and it is used majorly y mobile users. It is believed to be an almost free-of-cost method to transfer messages BBM stands for Blackberry Messenger, it is an internet-based application which is included lacks berry phones to communicate between two Blackberry devices. It is a message application through which two Blackberry shoes can interchange instant messages. Here this post gives the information about the difference between SMS and BBM listed below to better understand this topic.

The main key difference between SMS and BBM are listed below:

  • SMS stands for short messaging service while BBM stands for Blackberry Messenger. 
  • SMS is available on all phones while BBM is only available for Blackberry phones.
  • BBM lets you do more than SMS.
  • BBM is more powerful compared to SMS. In BBM group conversion is possible in BBM where there are more than two people who can participate in it.
  • SMS may incur additional charges while BBM won't.
  • BBM requires an internet connection while SMS does not require an internet connection.
  • We all know that the SMS is sent directly to the telco, which is responsible for routing it to the recipient while BBM bypasses the telco and goes directly to the internet and sends directly to the message to Blackberry servers which then sends it to the recipient.
Explore more information:
  1. What are the difference between networking and telecommunication
  2. What are the difference between SMS and IM

Difference Between Networking and Telecommunications

Telecommunication and networking both require different mediums of data transmission. The causes of the defect are completely different although slightly related. networking has its advantages with it as resources and data sharing are concerned. 

The main key difference between networking and telecommunication are listed below:
  • As we know that telecommunication can be defined as the transfer of data or information through a distance in the form of electromagnetic signals to one other receptive end while networking refers to the process of interconnecting devices in one main system mainly known as the server. 
  • Networking is mainly carried on through a physical medium like using some cables, wires, some other useful wires, and atmosphere at a very small range while telecommunication data is transferred through electromagnetic receptive devices like radios, phones, or television in the form of text, video, image, and sound.
  • They both have required different applications and hardware for their work.
Explore more information:

GiFi Technology

GiFi stands for Gigabyte fidelity, it is wireless first trans receive integrated o single chip. that operate 60 GHz o the CMOS process. GiFi transfer of large videos, files can be done within seconds. GiFi is a new latest technology that operates on the 60GHz frequency band, which and is manufactured using existing complementary metal-oxide technology, the name of the system that is currently used to print silicon chips. 

Why the use of GiFi?

The reason for pushing into GiFi technology because 
  • Slow rate
  • High power consumption
  • The low range of frequency operation

Some key features of  GiFi are listed below:

  • High speed of data transfer
  • Small size
  • GiFi technology is simple.
  • Quick deployment
  • Highly portable
  • High mobility
  • Provide a better coverage area
  • Low power consumption
  • High security
  • Cost-effective
  • Eliminating the cable
  • Low-cost chip
  • Better transfer rate

Advantages of GiFi:

  • It offers a very high data rate at lower interference.
  • The device is very cost-effective.
  • This device consumes very low power.
  • The GiFi chip is very small in size. Hence devices are also available in small sizes.
  • The deployment of the GiFi network and that devices do not take much time. This system is very fast and also easy to install the GiFi network. 
  • It supports both service level and also link-level security and hence it offers more security.
  • In GiFi technology secure encryption technology used to ensures privacy and for security content.
  • It is used for high-speed data transfer.
  • This device is highly portable, high mobility.
  • The data transfer rate of GiFi is 5-gigabit per second which is higher than other technologies like WiFi, LiFi. 
  • GiFi gives simple connection, improve the consumer experience, Also it highly portable,  be constructed everywhere.
  • GiFi provides multimegabit wireless technology that is 100 times faster than short-range wireless technology such as Bluetooth technology and WiFi.

Disadvantages of GiFi:

  • It supports a short distance of about 10 meters due to high attenuation.
  • When we have used this system, the GiFi technology signal is easily blocked by objects due to lesser operating wavelength.
  • It is less secure compared to LiFi technology.

Here some applications of GiFi are listed below:

  • It can connect your household things.
  • You can easily connect your smartphone to your HD television, PC, laptop, printers, etc
  • Efficient transfer of data from digital camcorders.
  • As the transfer data at high speed that made work is too much easy.
  • We can transfer the speed of Gbps.
  • The intelligent community uses it for high-security communications.
  • Easy and immediate construction of temporal broadcast networks such as in sports stadiums for the advertisement of information can be possible.
  • This technology can be effectively used in the inter-vehicle communication system. Adhoc information distribution with a point to point network extension.
  • The data exchange between vehicles is made possible by ad-hoc networks, MAC wireless PAN and many other applications.
  • RTS/CTS signals are not used in GiFi technology, unlike WiFi the use of standards.

GiFi vs WiFi

The main key difference between GiFi and WiFi is given below:
  • GiFi is developed in the year 2004, WiFi development in the year 1990
  • GiFi uses millimeter waves to transmit or receive data to/ from the air while WiFi uses radiofrequency waves to transmit/ receive data to/from the air.
  • The primary device of GiFi is a mobile phone, home device, Electronics office, PDAs, consumers, automation device while in WiFi uses a computer, desktop, computer server, etc. 
  • The frequency range of GiFi 57 to 64 GHz and the WiFi frequency range 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz.
  • Data rate or speed is 5 Gbps and more but in WiFi, the data rate is 150 Mbps and more 802.11ac, and 802.11ad.
  • The data density is very high in Gigi compare to WiFi.
  • Both Gigi and WiFi security is less.
  • The cost is low in GiFi as compared to WiFi.
  • GiFi the coverage is smaller than WiFi.
  • Power consumption of GiFi is <2mW, WiFi  is in power consuption 10mW.
  • The range of GiFi is 10 meters, The WiFi is the range 100 meters.

Why induction motor is widely used in industry?

First, let us understand the basic key features of an induction motor:
  • It is easy and simple and rugged construction.
  • It is a low cost and minimum maintenance.
  • High dependability and sufficiently high proficiency.
  • Needs no additional starting motor and necessary not to be synchronized.

Some of the key points that why induction motor is widely used in industry?

  • The induction motor is a singly excited motor whereas the synchronous motor is a doubly excited one. 
  • The induction motor is cheaper than a  synchronous motor.
  • The induction motor is a self-starting motor, whereas the synchronous motor is not a self-starting motor 
  • Induction motor robust in construction and it can also work in any dusty environment. DC and the synchronous motor can't work industry and need regular maintenance.
  • synchronous motor and DC motor, these cannot work in a harsh environment whereas  Induction motor can.
  • When the coming to efficiency, the upper hand is for the synchronous motor but the starting mechanism adds up extra cost so even though a less efficient induction motor is implemented. 
  • As we know that the Dc motor has to use brushes, the synchronous motor has slip rigs where induction motor doesn't have, So reduced losses, efficiency due to o frictional lossless would be present.
  • The main requirement in the industry is to operate the motor at different loads and different speeds to drive mechanical load so this induction motor is the best to choose in the industry just because it has so many types of speed control whereas the synchronous motor always runs at synchronous speed.
Explore more information:
  1. Advantages and disadvantage of induction motor
  2. Advantages of three-phase converter over single-phase converter
  3. Advantages of three-phase rectifier over a single-phase rectifier
  4.  Advantages and disadvantages of polyphase system
  5. What is the difference between single-phase and three-phase induction motor
  6. Advantages and disadvantages of dc motor
  7. Advantages and disadvantages of dc shunt motor
  8. Advantages and disadvantages of universal motor
  9. Advantages and disadvantages of brushed DC motor
  10. Advantages and disadvantages of brushless DC motor
  11. Working Principle of a Synchronous Motor

                      Advantages and disadvantages of universal motor

                      The universal motor is one type of electric motor which can operate on either AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create a magnetic field. This motor is commutated series would motors where the stator field coils are connected in series with the rotor winding through the use of a commutator. Here this posts five the information about the advantages and disadvantages of the universal motor to better understand this topic.

                      Advantages of a universal motor:

                      • It is a cheap motor.
                      • It can run from AC or DC supplies.
                      • It has good torque at low speed.

                      Disadvantages of a universal motor:

                      • Brushes and commutator wear out, create sparking which can cause electromagnetic interference and maybe an ignition source of VOCs.
                      • It is not easy to reverse the motor.
                      • Speed control is lousy.
                      • High maintenance cost and short life commutator caused by the commutator.
                      • Produce more noise and vibration than the induction motor.
                      Explore more information:

                      Precautions of concealed conduit wiring

                      • The interior surface of the conduit must be clean and dry otherwise the cables may suffer damage.
                      • Every metal box must be earthed.
                      • Always use the looping method.
                      • The conduit must be installed during building construction work in the concrete ceiling.
                      • All the safety precautions which are taken in the surface conduit system will also be implied in a concealed system.
                      • Whenever conduit is to be buried by concrete special care must be taken, otherwise, liquid cement may enter the conduit.
                      • If you celling is reinforced concrete, it may be necessary to erect the conduit system on the shuttering and secure it, IF not secure than it may move out of position.
                      • When plastic or wooden or metal boxes are buried inwall before plastering, it is advisable to stuff the boxes with paper to prevent their being with plaster.
                      Explore more information:

                      Brushless DC motor advantages and disadvantages

                      Brushless DC motor typically consists of a permanent magnet rotor and a coil would stator. This design by using a permanent magnet in the rotor eliminates the need for brushes in the rotor part. Here this post gives the advantages and disadvantages of brushless DC motor to better understand this topic.

                      Advantages of the brushless DC motor:
                      • High efficiency.
                      • Higher speed ranges.
                      • Operated effectively.
                      • Reduced Size. 
                      • High dynamic response.
                      • Better speed versus torque characteristics.
                      • Noiseless operations.
                      • Less power maintenance.
                      • More efficient.
                      • Longer life span.
                      • High torque to weight ratio.
                      • Increased reliability.
                      • Log battery life.
                      • Elimination of ionizing spark from the commutator.
                      • Near elimination of electromagnetic interference.
                      • Brushless DC motor does not have any carbon brushes, which reduces the frequent replacement requirement of brushes and maintenance costs.
                      • Brushless DC motor is available in small compact sizes.
                      • Brushless DC motor has low no-load current making it suitable to run it at low or no load.

                      Disadvantages of brushless DC Motor:

                      • The cost of a brushless DC motor is comparatively higher as compared to a brushed DC motor.
                      • When the Brushless DC motor is operated at low-speed slight vibrations occur during low-speed rotation. 
                      • Brushless DC motor the wiring ad operation of the motor is not that simple due to the involvement of electronic control and its link to all electromagnets.
                      Subscribe to: Comments (Atom)